BMW 315: A Comprehensive Guide
The BMW 315, produced from 1934 to 1937, represents a pivotal moment in BMW's automotive history. It's a small, sporting saloon that established many of the characteristics that would come to define the brand: a focus on driver enjoyment, a relatively lightweight design, and a willingness to embrace advanced technology. While often overlooked compared to later 3 Series models, the 315 holds a significant place as a pre-war classic and a direct ancestor to the modern BMW we know today. It fits into the classic car segment, appealing to enthusiasts seeking a blend of vintage charm and surprisingly spirited performance.
Generations & Key Changes
Early History and Development (1934)
The 315 was introduced in 1934 as a successor to the BMW 303. It featured a revised chassis and, most importantly, a larger and more powerful engine. This inline-six engine would become a hallmark of BMW for decades.
- 1934-1937: Production run. Key features included:
- 1.5-liter inline-six engine (hence the "315" designation).
- Independent front suspension, a relatively advanced feature for the time.
- Available in various body styles, including saloon, convertible, and roadster.
- Relatively short wheelbase contributed to its agile handling.
There weren't major generational changes within its short production run. Minor updates likely occurred throughout production, but documented variations are relatively scarce.
Reliability & Common Issues
Owning a BMW 315 today presents unique challenges related to its age and rarity. Finding parts can be difficult, and specialized knowledge is required for maintenance and repair.
Engine
- Overheating: Pre-war cooling systems are often less efficient than modern designs. Overheating can occur, especially in warmer climates or during sustained high-speed driving. Maintaining the cooling system (radiator, hoses, water pump) is crucial.
- Oil Leaks: Common in older engines due to degraded seals and gaskets. Regular oil level checks are essential.
- Carburetor Issues: The carburetor is a critical component and can be prone to clogging or needing adjustment. Proper maintenance and potentially a rebuild are often required.
Chassis & Suspension
- Worn Suspension Components: Bushings, dampers, and springs will likely be worn or require replacement. Sourcing replacements can be challenging.
- Brake System: The mechanical brake system requires careful attention. Lining wear and corrosion are common issues. Conversions to more modern brake systems are sometimes undertaken for improved safety and performance.
- Rust: Like all pre-war cars, rust can be a significant problem, especially in areas with harsh climates. Thorough inspection is crucial, paying particular attention to the chassis, floor pans, and body panels.
Electrical System
- Wiring: The original wiring will likely be brittle and prone to shorts. Rewiring the car can improve reliability and safety.
- Generator/Dynamo: The generator may require rebuilding or replacement to ensure proper charging of the battery.
Important Note: Restorations of BMW 315s often involve a mix of original parts, reproduction components, and modern upgrades. Assessing the quality of previous restoration work is crucial when considering a purchase.
Driving Experience
Driving a BMW 315 is an experience unlike driving a modern car. It offers a raw and engaging connection to the road, but it also demands a different level of driver involvement and skill.
Pros:
- Classic Charm: Its styling is undeniably elegant and evokes a bygone era.
- Agile Handling: Despite its age, the 315 is known for its relatively nimble handling, thanks to its short wheelbase and independent front suspension.
- Involvement: The lack of power steering, ABS, and other modern aids forces the driver to be fully engaged and attentive.
- Rarity: Owning a 315 makes you part of a small and passionate community of classic car enthusiasts.
Cons:
- Performance: Performance is modest by modern standards. Expect leisurely acceleration and limited top speed.
- Comfort: Ride quality is firm, and sound insulation is minimal.
- Maintenance: Requires significant effort and expense to maintain.
- Safety: Lacks modern safety features.
Buying Advice
Buying a BMW 315 requires careful research, patience, and a realistic understanding of the challenges involved.
What to Look For:
- Originality: While complete originality is rare and often expensive, look for cars that retain as many original components as possible.
- Restoration Quality: Assess the quality of any previous restoration work. Look for proper panel fit, paint quality, and attention to detail.
- Service History: If available, a documented service history can provide valuable insights into the car's past maintenance.
- Rust-Free Example: Prioritize cars with minimal rust damage. Repairing rust can be a costly and time-consuming process.
- Professional Inspection: Before committing to a purchase, have the car inspected by a specialist experienced with pre-war BMWs.
What to Avoid:
- Cars with Extensive Rust: Significant rust damage can compromise the structural integrity of the car.
- Incomplete Projects: Avoid cars that have been partially disassembled or have missing parts. Completing a restoration can be more challenging and expensive than anticipated.
- Modified Cars: While some modifications may be acceptable, be wary of cars that have been heavily modified, as this can detract from their value and originality.
- Overpriced Examples: Research recent sales of BMW 315s to get an idea of market value. Don't overpay for a car based on sentiment or nostalgia.
Price Range: Prices for BMW 315s vary widely depending on condition, originality, and restoration quality. Expect to pay anywhere from $20,000 to $80,000 or more for a well-restored example.
Years to look for: Since there were no specific revisions, condition is the most important factor. Final Thoughts: The BMW 315 is a rare and rewarding classic car. Its elegant styling, agile handling, and historical significance make it a desirable addition to any collection. However, potential buyers should be prepared for the challenges of owning and maintaining a pre-war automobile.