Bugatti Type 57: A Comprehensive Guide
The Bugatti Type 57, produced from 1934 to 1940, is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful and technologically advanced automobiles of its era. Conceived by Jean Bugatti, Ettore Bugatti's talented son, it represented a significant departure from the company's earlier racing-focused models, transitioning into a refined grand tourer that blended performance with elegance and luxury. Positioned firmly in the high-end luxury car segment, the Type 57 catered to a discerning clientele seeking a sophisticated and stylish mode of transport. It’s become an icon, representing the pinnacle of pre-war automotive design and engineering.
Generations of the Bugatti Type 57
- Type 57 (1934-1936):
The original Type 57 featured a 3.3-liter straight-eight engine derived from the Type 59 racing car, albeit detuned for road use. Key characteristics included a single overhead camshaft, twin Zenith carburetors (later Stromberg), and a four-speed manual gearbox. Several body styles were offered, including the Galibier (four-door saloon), Ventoux (two-door coupe), Atalante (two-door coupe), and Stelvio (convertible) – often bodied by external coachbuilders.
- Type 57C (1936-1940):
The Type 57C was the supercharged variant of the original Type 57. "C" designates "compressor". Fitted with a Roots-type supercharger, this version offered significantly increased power, boosting performance substantially. The body styles remained largely the same, continuing to be offered in the aforementioned variants, and others created by various coachbuilders.
- Type 57S/SC (1936-1938):
Considered the most desirable and valuable of all Type 57 variants. The "S" stood for "Surbaissé" (lowered) and featured a significantly lowered chassis, dry-sump lubrication (allowing the engine to be mounted lower), and a visually distinct design. The "SC" version added a supercharger to the lowered chassis. The Atlantic coupe is probably the most iconic and valuable of these.
Reliability & Common Issues
Owning a Bugatti Type 57 is a unique experience, but prospective owners should be aware of potential reliability issues inherent in a vehicle of this age and complexity:
- Engine Issues:
- Crankshaft Design: The early non-roller bearing crankshaft design on some Type 57s (primarily the naturally aspirated versions) is a known weak point. Upgrades to roller-bearing cranks, while not original, significantly improve reliability and longevity. Inspect for signs of previous crankshaft work or evidence of potential issues (e.g., excessive engine vibration).
- Overheating: The cooling systems on Type 57s can be marginal, especially in warmer climates. Check for signs of overheating, such as coolant leaks, corrosion in the radiator, and evidence of head gasket issues. Upgrading the radiator and improving airflow can mitigate this issue.
- Supercharger Maintenance (Type 57C/SC): The Roots-type superchargers require regular maintenance and rebuilds. Check for excessive noise, oil leaks, and signs of wear on the supercharger components. Rebuilding a supercharger can be expensive.
- Gearbox Issues:
- Gear Selection: The pre-selector gearbox can be challenging to operate correctly and may require significant experience to master. Gear changes can be slow and clunky, especially when cold.
- Wear and Tear: Gearbox components are subject to wear and tear due to the age of the vehicle. Inspect for slipping gears, excessive noise, and difficulty engaging gears. Rebuilds can be complex and expensive.
- Chassis and Suspension:
- Rust: Check for rust, especially in areas prone to water accumulation. The chassis is robust, but corrosion can weaken it over time.
- Suspension Components: Inspect the suspension components, including the leaf springs, dampers, and kingpins, for wear and damage. Replacement parts can be difficult to source.
- Electrical System:
- Original Wiring: The original wiring is often fragile and prone to shorts. Inspect for brittle insulation, frayed wires, and signs of previous electrical repairs. A complete rewiring may be necessary for improved reliability.
- Generator/Dynamo: Ensure the generator (dynamo) is functioning correctly to maintain battery charge. Replacement or rebuilding may be required.
Driving Experience
Driving a Bugatti Type 57 is a truly unique and rewarding experience, transporting you back to an era of elegant motoring. However, it's essential to understand the characteristics of these vehicles:
- Pros:
- Iconic Style: The Type 57 is a stunningly beautiful car that draws attention wherever it goes. The elegant lines and luxurious appointments are a testament to its era.
- Performance (Especially 57C/SC): The supercharged variants offer impressive performance for their time. The acceleration is strong, and the handling is surprisingly agile.
- Unique Driving Experience: The Type 57 offers a driving experience unlike any modern car. The mechanical feel, the sound of the engine, and the overall character of the vehicle are captivating.
- Investment Potential: Well-maintained Type 57s are highly sought-after by collectors and represent a significant investment opportunity.
- Cons:
- High Maintenance Costs: Maintaining a Type 57 can be expensive. Replacement parts are rare and costly, and specialized knowledge is required for repairs.
- Demanding to Drive: These are not easy cars to drive. The steering is heavy, the brakes are not particularly effective by modern standards, and the gearbox requires practice to master.
- Fragility: While mechanically robust when properly maintained, the age of these vehicles means they are inherently more fragile than modern cars.
- Limited Practicality: The Type 57 is not a practical daily driver. It's best suited for occasional use and special events.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Bugatti Type 57 requires careful consideration and thorough due diligence. Here’s what to keep in mind:
- Year and Model:
- Type 57S/SC (1936-1938): These are the most desirable and valuable models, commanding the highest prices. Be prepared for a significant investment.
- Type 57C (1936-1940): The supercharged Type 57C offers a good balance of performance and value, though prices are still very high.
- Type 57 (1934-1936): The naturally aspirated Type 57 is the most affordable option, but consider the potential crankshaft issues mentioned earlier.
- Condition and Authenticity:
- Originality: Originality is paramount for collector value. Verify the car's authenticity by researching its history, checking chassis numbers, and consulting with Bugatti experts.
- Restoration Quality: If the car has been restored, assess the quality of the work. A poorly executed restoration can detract from the value and reliability.
- Documentation: Look for comprehensive documentation, including ownership history, service records, and restoration invoices.
- Pre-Purchase Inspection:
- Expert Inspection: Engage a Bugatti specialist to conduct a thorough pre-purchase inspection. This is essential to identify any potential issues and avoid costly surprises.
- Engine Compression Test: Perform a compression test to assess the engine's health.
- Test Drive: Take the car for a test drive to evaluate its performance and handling. Pay attention to any unusual noises or vibrations.
- What to Avoid:
- Incomplete Restorations: Avoid cars with incomplete or poorly executed restorations.
- Cars with Missing or Non-Original Parts: Replacing missing or non-original parts can be difficult and expensive.
- Cars with Significant Accident Damage: Cars with a history of significant accident damage should be carefully scrutinized. Check for signs of chassis damage or poor repairs.
- Buying from Unreputable Sources: Only purchase from reputable dealers or private sellers with a proven track record.
Ultimately, buying a Bugatti Type 57 is a significant investment that should be approached with care and diligence. By following this guide and seeking expert advice, you can increase your chances of finding a truly exceptional example of this automotive icon.
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