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Buick Special

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The Buick Special: A Comprehensive Guide

The Buick Special, a nameplate that resonates with classic American motoring, represents Buick's foray into the lower-priced segment of the automotive market. Spanning several distinct generations, the Special offered a blend of Buick's traditional qualities with a focus on affordability and accessibility. Positioned below the pricier Buick models, the Special competed with vehicles like the Oldsmobile F-85 and the Pontiac Tempest, offering buyers a taste of Buick luxury and styling without the hefty price tag. This guide provides a comprehensive look at the Buick Special, covering its history, generations, reliability, driving experience, and offering valuable buying advice.

Generations of the Buick Special

First Generation (1936-1949)

The original Buick Special debuted in 1936 as Buick's entry-level model. It was a significant departure from Buick's larger offerings, featuring a shorter wheelbase and a smaller, more efficient engine. This generation was produced until 1949, with a break during World War II. Key changes and features included:

  • 1936: Introduction of the Buick Special with a 233 cubic inch straight-eight engine.
  • 1939: Styling updates including a redesigned grille and headlights.
  • 1941: A major styling overhaul featuring smoother lines and integrated fenders.
  • Post-War (1946-1949): Production resumed with minor cosmetic updates, reflecting the pent-up demand for automobiles after the war.

Second Generation (1950-1958)

The second generation Special saw significant changes in styling and engineering. It continued to be Buick's entry-level model, offered in various body styles, including sedans, coupes, and convertibles. Highlights of this generation:

  • 1950: Introduction of a new body style and a larger, more powerful engine.
  • 1954: A mid-cycle refresh with updated styling and interior appointments.
  • 1957-1958: Significant styling changes, influenced by the tailfin craze of the late 1950s. These years saw some of the most flamboyant designs of the Special.

Third Generation (1961-1963)

The third generation Special marked a significant shift, becoming a compact car based on the new Y-body platform. This generation was particularly notable for its innovative engine options. Key features:

  • 1961: Introduction as a compact car with unibody construction.
  • 1962: Introduction of the aluminum 215 cubic inch V8 engine, a lightweight and advanced powerplant for its time. This engine would later become the Rover V8.
  • Body Styles: Offered in sedan, wagon, and convertible body styles.

Fourth Generation (1964-1969)

For 1964, the Special grew in size and moved to the A-body platform, shared with the Buick Skylark and other GM intermediates. It offered a wider range of engine options, including more powerful V8s. This generation marked a return to a more traditional Buick image. Key aspects:

  • 1964: Redesign on the A-body platform, becoming a mid-size car.
  • Engine Options: Available with a variety of inline-six and V8 engines, offering different levels of performance.
  • Styling: More conventional styling compared to the previous generation.

Reliability & Common Issues

The reliability of the Buick Special varies considerably depending on the generation and engine. Here's a breakdown of common issues:

First and Second Generations (1936-1958)

  • Straight-Eight Engines: Generally reliable but can suffer from oil leaks and overheating if not properly maintained. Parts availability can be challenging.
  • Dynaflow Transmission: The Dynaflow automatic transmission, used in later years of these generations, is known for its smooth operation but can be prone to failure if neglected.
  • Rust: Prone to rust, especially in areas with harsh winters. Thoroughly inspect the body and chassis for corrosion.

Third Generation (1961-1963)

  • Aluminum V8: The 215 cubic inch aluminum V8 is generally reliable if properly maintained. However, it can be susceptible to overheating and requires careful attention to coolant maintenance to prevent corrosion. Finding qualified mechanics to work on this engine can be difficult.
  • Unibody Construction: Check for rust in critical structural areas.
  • Brakes: The braking systems of this era are less sophisticated than modern brakes, requiring more frequent maintenance.

Fourth Generation (1964-1969)

  • V8 Engines (300, 350, 400): These engines are generally reliable but can suffer from oil leaks and valve train noise if not properly maintained.
  • TH350/TH400 Transmissions: These automatic transmissions are generally robust but require regular servicing.
  • Rust: As with most cars of this era, rust is a major concern, especially in areas prone to road salt. Check body panels, floors, and frame rails carefully.

Driving Experience

The driving experience of the Buick Special is highly dependent on the generation.

First and Second Generations

These cars offer a classic, comfortable ride typical of American cars of the era. They are not known for their handling prowess but prioritize smooth cruising. The straight-eight engine provides adequate power for its time.

Pros:
  • Classic styling
  • Smooth ride
  • Relatively comfortable interiors
Cons:
  • Poor handling compared to modern cars
  • Limited braking performance
  • Fuel inefficiency

Third Generation

The compact Special offered a more nimble driving experience compared to its predecessors. The aluminum V8 provided a good balance of power and fuel economy. Handling was improved due to its smaller size and lighter weight.

Pros:
  • Improved handling compared to earlier generations
  • Relatively good fuel economy for its time (with the aluminum V8)
  • Unique and interesting design
Cons:
  • Less spacious than larger Buick models
  • Can feel underpowered with the base V6 engine.
  • Parts availability for the aluminum V8 can be challenging.

Fourth Generation

The mid-size Special offered a more traditional Buick experience with a comfortable ride and adequate power. The larger V8 engines provided good acceleration. Handling was typical of mid-size American cars of the era.

Pros:
  • Comfortable ride
  • Good power with V8 engines
  • Relatively spacious interior
Cons:
  • Mediocre handling
  • Fuel inefficiency
  • Rust susceptibility

Buying Advice

When buying a Buick Special, careful consideration should be given to the generation and specific model year.

Years to Consider

  • 1962-1963 (Third Generation): These models with the aluminum V8 are highly desirable due to their unique engine and nimble handling. They are relatively rare and can command a premium.
  • 1965-1967 (Fourth Generation): These years offer a good balance of style, performance, and reliability. The Buick 300 and 340 V8s are good choices.

Years to Potentially Avoid (or Exercise Caution)

  • Early First Generation (1936-1939): While historically significant, parts availability can be a major challenge.
  • Rust-Prone Regions: Regardless of the year, thoroughly inspect any Special for rust before purchasing.

Key Things to Look For

  • Rust: This is the most important factor. Inspect body panels, floors, frame rails, and rocker panels.
  • Engine Condition: Listen for unusual noises, check for oil leaks, and ensure the engine runs smoothly.
  • Transmission Condition: Check for smooth shifting and unusual noises.
  • Originality: For collectors, originality is key. Ensure the car retains its original components and trim.
  • Documentation: Service records and original paperwork can add value and provide insights into the car's history.

Buying a Buick Special can be a rewarding experience, offering a glimpse into the history of American automotive design and engineering. By carefully considering the factors outlined in this guide, you can find a Special that meets your needs and provides years of enjoyment.

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