Fiat Fiat 850 | History, Reliability & Buying Guide

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Fiat 850: A Comprehensive Guide for Enthusiasts

The Fiat 850 is a small, rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive car produced by Fiat from 1964 to 1973. It was a direct replacement for the popular Fiat 600 and offered a more modern design and improved performance. Classified as a small family car (in European terms) or a subcompact car (in North American terms), the 850 was available in a variety of body styles, including a sedan (Berlina), coupe, spider (convertible), and van (Familiare/Commerciale), making it a versatile and appealing vehicle for a wide range of buyers. Its simple mechanicals, ease of maintenance, and relatively affordable price contributed to its popularity, particularly in Europe and South America.

Generations

First Generation (1964-1971):
This is the main production run. Key features included:

1964: Introduction of the 850 Berlina (sedan) with an 843cc engine producing approximately 34 horsepower.

1965: Launch of the 850 Coupe and 850 Spider, sporting more stylish bodywork designed by Bertone and featuring a slightly more powerful engine (around 47 horsepower). The Coupe featured a distinctive fastback design, while the Spider offered open-top motoring.

1966: Introduction of the 850 Familiare (van), a practical and utilitarian vehicle designed for commercial use or family transport.

Mid-1960s Updates: Minor cosmetic changes were made throughout this period, including revisions to the grille, lights, and interior trim.

Second Generation (1968-1973):
While not dramatically different, the second generation saw several key improvements:

1968: Introduction of the 850 Special, a more powerful and luxurious version of the Berlina. It featured an upgraded engine (still 843cc but producing more horsepower), improved interior trim, and distinctive exterior styling cues. The 850 Special also often included front disc brakes.

1968-1971: The Coupe and Spider also received updates, including revised styling, improved interiors, and in some cases, engine upgrades. Later versions of the Spider, in particular, received noticeable cosmetic changes.

1971: The 850 Berlina was discontinued in most markets.

1973: Production of the 850 Coupe and Spider ceased. The 850 Familiare was produced until 1976 in some countries.

Reliability & Common Issues

While generally robust for its time, the Fiat 850 is an old car, and potential buyers should be aware of common issues:

Engine

Overheating: The rear-engine design makes the 850 prone to overheating, especially in hot climates. Ensure the cooling system is in good condition, including the radiator, hoses, and thermostat. Inspect for leaks and proper coolant level. An electric fan upgrade is a common modification.

Oil Leaks: Like many classic Italian cars, oil leaks are common. Check around the valve cover, oil pan, and crankshaft seals.

Carburetor Issues: The Weber carburetor can be finicky and require regular tuning. Stalling, rough idling, and poor fuel economy are common symptoms.

Valve Train Noise: Valve clatter can indicate worn valve guides or tappets.

Transmission

Gear Synchros: The synchros in the four-speed manual transmission can wear, making shifting difficult, especially into second gear. Listen for grinding noises when shifting.

Clutch Wear: Check for clutch slippage, especially when accelerating in higher gears.

Suspension & Brakes

Suspension Wear: Bushings, ball joints, and shock absorbers wear with age, leading to poor handling and ride quality. Inspect for play in the suspension components.

Brake Issues: Early models had drum brakes all around, which can suffer from fading. Later 850 Special models had front disc brakes, which offer improved stopping power. Check the brake lines for corrosion and the master cylinder for leaks.

Body & Electrical

Rust: Rust is a significant concern, especially in areas with harsh winters. Pay close attention to the floor pans, rocker panels, wheel arches, and areas around the lights.

Electrical Issues: The electrical system can be unreliable, with common problems including faulty wiring, corroded connections, and malfunctioning lights. Check the wiring harness for damage and ensure all lights and electrical components are working correctly.

Interior Trim: Interior components can be brittle and prone to cracking or fading due to age and sun exposure. Replacement parts can be difficult to find.

Driving Experience

The Fiat 850 offers a unique driving experience that is both charming and engaging. Here's a breakdown:

Pros:

Nimble Handling: The rear-engine layout provides excellent agility and cornering ability, making it a fun car to drive on winding roads.

Compact Size: Its small size makes it easy to maneuver and park in tight spaces.

Simple Mechanics: The relatively simple mechanicals make it easy to maintain and repair, especially for those with some mechanical aptitude.

Classic Styling: The 850's distinctive Italian styling is undeniably appealing, particularly the Coupe and Spider models.

Affordable Classic: Compared to other classic Italian cars, the 850 can be relatively affordable to acquire and maintain (though parts availability can sometimes be a challenge).

Cons:

Limited Power: The small engine provides modest performance, making it less suitable for modern highway driving.

Overheating: As mentioned earlier, the rear-engine design can lead to overheating, especially in hot climates.

Limited Space: The interior is cramped, particularly in the Berlina, and cargo space is limited.

Reliability: As an old car, reliability can be a concern, and regular maintenance is essential.

Spare Parts: Sourcing specific parts can be challenging and expensive, requiring patience and resourcefulness.

Buying Advice

If you're considering buying a Fiat 850, here's some advice to help you make an informed decision:

Years to Look For:

850 Special (1968-1971): The 850 Special offers improved performance and features compared to the standard Berlina.

Later Coupe and Spider Models (1968-1973): These models often feature updated styling and improved features. Look for models with front disc brakes.

Years to Avoid:

There aren't necessarily specific years to avoid, but be wary of cars that have been poorly maintained or have significant rust damage. Early examples might have less desirable drum brakes all around.

Key Things to Check:

Rust: Thoroughly inspect the body for rust, paying close attention to the common areas mentioned earlier.

Engine Condition: Check for signs of overheating, oil leaks, and excessive engine noise. Perform a compression test if possible.

Transmission Function: Ensure the transmission shifts smoothly without grinding.

Suspension and Brakes: Inspect the suspension components for wear and ensure the brakes are functioning correctly.

Electrical System: Check all lights and electrical components to ensure they are working properly.

Documentation: Look for any available service records or documentation that can provide insights into the car's maintenance history.

General Advice:

Hire a Mechanic: If possible, have a qualified mechanic inspect the car before you buy it.

Join an Owner's Club: Joining a Fiat 850 owner's club can provide valuable resources, advice, and support.

Be Prepared for Maintenance: Owning a classic car requires patience and a willingness to perform regular maintenance.

Don't Be Afraid to Walk Away: If you're not comfortable with the condition of the car or the price, don't be afraid to walk away. There are plenty of other Fiat 850s out there.

With careful research and a thorough inspection, you can find a Fiat 850 that will provide years of enjoyable classic motoring.
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