Ford Ford Ltd | History, Reliability & Buying Guide

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Ford LTD: A Comprehensive Guide for the Classic Ford

The Ford LTD, a nameplate that graced American roads for over two decades, represents a significant chapter in automotive history. Initially introduced as a top-of-the-line trim level for the Ford Galaxie in 1965, the LTD quickly established itself as a symbol of comfortable, attainable luxury. Over time, it evolved into a distinct model line, ranging from full-size sedans and wagons to more compact offerings. The LTD occupied the full-size and mid-size segments, providing a blend of space, comfort, and reasonable fuel economy depending on the year and engine.

Generations of the Ford LTD

1965-1968 (Galaxie LTD): This initial phase saw the LTD as the highest trim level of the Galaxie. Key features included more luxurious interiors, upgraded trim, and a focus on ride comfort. These were typically powered by robust V8 engines.

1969-1972 (Full-Size LTD): The LTD officially became its own model. These were large, imposing vehicles with prominent styling cues of the era, such as long hoods and wide bodies. Engine options ranged from inline-sixes to powerful V8s.

1973-1978 (Redesigned Full-Size LTD): This generation featured a significant redesign, reflecting changing safety standards and a growing emphasis on fuel efficiency. These cars were still large but incorporated features like improved bumpers and, later in the run, catalytic converters. The LTD Brougham offered even more luxurious appointments.

1979-1982 (Downsized Full-Size LTD): A major downsizing occurred to improve fuel economy. The LTD retained its traditional styling cues but in a more manageable package. Engine options focused on efficiency without sacrificing too much power.

1983-1986 (LTD Sedan - Fox Platform): The full-size LTD was replaced by the Ford LTD Crown Victoria. A new Ford LTD was introduced based on the Fox platform, making it a mid-size sedan. This LTD was significantly smaller and lighter than its predecessors, emphasizing fuel economy and handling.

1986 (LTD Wagon - Fox Platform): The LTD wagon ended its production run.

Reliability & Common Issues

The reliability of the Ford LTD varies significantly depending on the generation. The older, full-size models (1965-1982) are generally considered robust but are prone to issues common to older vehicles, such as rust, worn suspension components, and age-related deterioration of rubber parts.

Full-Size LTD (1965-1982) Common Issues:

Rust:** Especially in regions with road salt, rust is a major concern. Check rocker panels, floor pans, quarter panels, and around window seals.
Engine Issues:** Ford's small-block and big-block V8 engines are generally reliable, but they can suffer from oil leaks (valve covers, rear main seal), carburetor problems (especially on older models), and ignition system issues. Overheating can also be a problem, especially if the cooling system hasn't been properly maintained.
Transmission Issues:** The C4, C6, and FMX automatic transmissions are generally durable but can develop slipping or harsh shifting with age. Regular fluid changes are crucial.
Suspension and Steering:** Suspension bushings, ball joints, and tie rod ends can wear out, leading to loose handling and uneven tire wear. Power steering systems are prone to leaks.
Electrical Issues:** Wiring can become brittle and corroded over time, leading to various electrical problems. Vacuum lines can crack, affecting engine performance and climate control systems.

Mid-Size LTD (1983-1986) Common Issues:

The Fox-body LTD is generally more reliable than the older full-size models, but still has some potential issues:

Engine Issues:** The 2.3L four-cylinder, 3.3L inline-six, and 3.8L V6 engines are generally reliable, but the 3.8L V6 is known for head gasket issues, especially if not properly maintained.
Transmission Issues:** The AOD automatic transmission can be problematic, especially if not properly maintained. Regular fluid changes are crucial.
Rust:** While generally less prone to rust than the older models, rust can still be an issue, especially in areas with road salt.
Suspension and Steering:** Similar to the older models, suspension bushings, ball joints, and tie rod ends can wear out.
Interior:** The interiors can be prone to cracking and fading.

Driving Experience

Full-Size LTD (1965-1982):

Driving a full-size LTD is all about comfort and cruising. These cars are known for their smooth ride, spacious interiors, and ample power (especially with a V8). However, they are large and can feel cumbersome in tight spaces. Fuel economy is typically poor. Steering is typically light, offering minimal road feel. The emphasis is on isolating the driver from the road.
Pros:

Comfortable ride

Spacious interior

Powerful engines (especially V8s)

Classic styling

Cons:

Poor fuel economy

Large size makes them difficult to maneuver in tight spaces

Can feel cumbersome

Prone to rust and age-related issues

Mid-Size LTD (1983-1986):

The Fox-body LTD offers a more modern driving experience than its full-size predecessors. It's lighter and more nimble, making it easier to handle. Fuel economy is significantly better. However, it lacks the spaciousness and luxurious feel of the older models. The ride is firmer, and the engines are less powerful (except for the rare 5.0L V8 models, which were not offered in the LTD).
Pros:

Better fuel economy than full-size models

More nimble handling

Easier to maneuver

More modern features (depending on the trim level)

Cons:

Less spacious interior

Not as luxurious as older models

Engines can feel underpowered (especially the four-cylinder and inline-six)

Buying Advice

When buying a Ford LTD, careful inspection is crucial. Consider the following:

Years to Look For:

Full-Size LTD (1965-1982): If you're looking for a classic cruiser, focus on models from the late 1960s and early 1970s with well-maintained V8 engines. Look for cars that have been garaged and well-maintained. 1970 and earlier models had a more robust look to them.
Mid-Size LTD (1983-1986): The 1983-1986 LTD offered decent gas mileage, with some reporting upwards of 25mpg on the highway. For Fox body LTD's, look for the models with the 3.8L V6 (avoiding models with known head gasket issues). Ensure the head gasket has been replaced recently.

Years to Avoid:

Any model with significant rust damage. Repairing rust can be expensive and time-consuming.

Full-Size LTD models with severely neglected engines or transmissions. Rebuilding these components can be costly.

Any LTD model with extensive electrical problems. Tracing and repairing electrical issues can be challenging.

What to Inspect:

Rust:** Thoroughly inspect the body for rust, paying close attention to the areas mentioned above.

Engine:** Check for oil leaks, unusual noises, and smooth running. Perform a compression test to assess engine health.

Transmission:** Check for smooth shifting and any signs of slipping or harshness.

Suspension and Steering:** Look for worn bushings, loose ball joints, and excessive play in the steering.

Brakes:** Check brake lines for leaks and ensure the brakes function properly.

Interior:** Check for worn upholstery, cracked dashboards, and functioning gauges.

Title:** Ensure the title is clean and clear. Check for any signs of accidents or flood damage.

Ultimately, buying a Ford LTD is about finding a well-maintained example that suits your needs and preferences. Be prepared to invest time and effort in maintenance and repairs, especially with the older models. With careful selection and proper care, a Ford LTD can be a rewarding and enjoyable classic car experience.
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