Ford Ford Transit

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Ford Transit: A Comprehensive Guide

The Ford Transit is a range of light commercial vehicles produced by Ford since 1965. Over its history, it has become one of the most recognizable and popular vans globally, known for its versatility, practicality, and reliability. It falls into the class of light commercial vehicles, encompassing panel vans, chassis cabs, and passenger wagons, catering to a wide range of business and personal needs.

Generations

First Generation (1965-1978)

The original Ford Transit, also known as the "Mark I," was a game-changer. It replaced the Ford Thames 400E and introduced a car-like driving experience to the van market. Key features included:

• Front-mounted engine for better handling and weight distribution.
• Wide range of body styles (panel van, minibus, pickup).
• Engines: Initially offered with petrol engines, later introducing diesel options.
• Transverse leaf spring independent front suspension.

Second Generation (1978-1986)

The second generation refined the original design with improvements in aerodynamics and comfort. Key updates included:

• Facelifted exterior with a more modern look.
• Improved interior ergonomics.
• Engine upgrades for increased power and fuel efficiency.
• Minor suspension tweaks.

Third Generation (1986-2000)

This generation, often referred to as the "Project VE6," was a significant redesign. It introduced a more aerodynamic body and improved safety features. Key highlights:

• Completely new exterior design.
• Independent front suspension across the range (except for some heavy-duty models).
• Introduction of the direct-injection "DI" diesel engine.
• Improved braking system.

Fourth Generation (2000-2013)

The fourth generation brought further improvements in comfort, technology, and driver assistance. Features included:

• More refined interior with improved materials and design.
• Introduction of the "Duratorq" TDCi diesel engine, offering better performance and fuel economy.
• Available with front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, and all-wheel drive options.
• Electronic Stability Program (ESP) introduced as an option.

Fifth Generation (2013-Present)

The fifth generation marked a major shift, with Ford offering multiple Transit variants to cater to different needs. This includes the Transit, Transit Custom, Transit Connect, and Transit Courier. Key aspects:

• Global platform, sold in multiple markets including North America.
• Available in a wide range of configurations (wheelbases, roof heights).
• EcoBoost petrol engines introduced.
• Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) such as lane keeping assist and adaptive cruise control.
• Hybrid and electric versions (Transit Custom Plug-In Hybrid and E-Transit).

Reliability & Common Issues

The Ford Transit, while generally reliable, is still a commercial vehicle subject to high mileage and demanding use. Here's a breakdown of common issues:

Diesel Engines (Duratorq/EcoBlue):

• Injector Failure: A common issue, especially in higher-mileage vehicles. Symptoms include rough running, poor fuel economy, and black smoke. Replacing injectors can be expensive.
• Turbocharger Problems: Turbo failures can occur due to oil starvation or general wear and tear. Listen for whistling noises or a loss of power.
• DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) Issues: Short journeys and stop-start driving can lead to DPF clogging. Regular regeneration cycles are essential. DPF cleaning or replacement may be necessary.
• EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) Valve Problems: EGR valves can become clogged with carbon deposits, leading to poor engine performance and fault codes.
• Timing Chain/Belt Issues: Check the service history for timing chain/belt replacements. Failure can cause catastrophic engine damage. Consult the service manual for the correct replacement intervals for the specific engine.

Petrol Engines (EcoBoost):

• Carbon Buildup (Direct Injection): Direct-injection engines can suffer from carbon buildup on the intake valves, reducing performance. Regular cleaning may be required.
• Cooling System Issues: Water pump failures and coolant leaks can occur. Maintain the cooling system with regular servicing.

Transmission:

• Manual Gearbox Wear: High mileage can lead to wear in the gearbox, resulting in difficulty shifting gears or noise.
• Automatic Transmission Problems: Automatic transmissions can experience issues with slipping or rough shifting. Regular fluid changes are crucial.

Suspension & Steering:

• Worn Suspension Components: Suspension components such as ball joints, bushings, and shock absorbers are prone to wear, especially on vans used for heavy loads.
• Power Steering Pump Issues: Listen for whining noises from the power steering pump. Leaks and failures can occur.

Electrical:

• Sensor Failures: Various sensors (e.g., ABS, crank position, mass airflow) can fail, causing engine management problems.
• Wiring Harness Issues: Check for damaged or corroded wiring, especially in older models.

Driving Experience

The Ford Transit offers a driving experience that has improved significantly over the years. Modern Transits are surprisingly car-like in their handling and comfort.

Pros:

• Versatility: Available in a wide range of configurations to suit different needs.
• Practicality: Large cargo capacity and easy loading/unloading.
• Comfort: Modern Transits offer good levels of comfort, especially on long journeys.
• Driver-Assistance Systems: Newer models offer advanced driver-assistance systems that improve safety and convenience.
• Fuel Efficiency: Newer diesel and EcoBoost engines offer reasonable fuel economy for a vehicle of this size.

Cons:

• Size: Can be challenging to maneuver and park in tight spaces.
• Fuel Economy (Older Models): Older Transits with less efficient engines can be thirsty.
• Ride Quality (Unladen): The ride can be firm when the van is empty.
• Maintenance Costs: Commercial vehicles generally have higher maintenance costs due to their heavy use.

Buying Advice

When buying a Ford Transit, consider the following:

What Years to Look For:

• 2015 and Newer (Fifth Generation): These models offer the best combination of features, safety, and fuel efficiency. The EcoBoost engines and updated diesel engines are generally more reliable than older options.
• Avoid Early Fifth Generation (2013-2014): While the fifth generation is generally good, the first few years may have had some teething problems. Thoroughly inspect these models.
• Late Fourth Generation (2010-2013): These models can be a good value if you're on a budget, but be prepared for potentially higher maintenance costs.

What to Avoid:

• Vehicles with Poor Service History: A comprehensive service history is crucial. Avoid vehicles with gaps in the maintenance record.
• Vehicles Used for Heavy Hauling: Check for signs of excessive wear and tear, such as sagging suspension or damage to the cargo area.
• Vehicles with Known Engine Problems: Be wary of Transits with reported injector failures, turbocharger issues, or DPF problems.
• Ex-Rental Vans: Rental vans often experience hard use. Thoroughly inspect these vehicles.
• Rust: Carefully inspect the bodywork for rust, especially in areas prone to corrosion (e.g., wheel arches, sills).

Key Checks Before Buying:

• Engine: Check for smooth running, excessive smoke, and unusual noises.
• Transmission: Ensure smooth shifting and no slipping.
• Suspension: Inspect for worn components and check for excessive bouncing.
• Brakes: Test the brakes for effectiveness and listen for squealing noises.
• Electrical System: Check all lights, switches, and accessories.
• Cargo Area: Inspect for damage and wear.
• Diagnostic Scan: Have a mechanic perform a diagnostic scan to check for any stored fault codes.
• Test Drive: Take a thorough test drive to assess the vehicle's overall performance and handling.

By following this guide, you can make an informed decision and choose a Ford Transit that meets your needs and budget.

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