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GMC Task Force Series: A Comprehensive Guide
The GMC Task Force Series trucks, produced from 1955 to 1959, represent a pivotal era in pickup truck design and engineering. Replacing the Advance Design series, the Task Force trucks marked a significant step towards the modern pickup, emphasizing comfort, style, and performance. They fall squarely into the light-duty and medium-duty pickup truck class, competing directly with Chevrolet's counterpart, the Chevy Task Force series (also known as the Chevy Apache). These trucks are highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts for their distinctive styling and historical significance.
Generations
- First Generation (1955-1959): "Task Force"
- 1955 (Mid-Year Introduction): Referred to as the "First Series" or "Early 1955" (often confused with late 1954 Advance Design models). Notable changes include wraparound windshield, redesigned grille, and a more integrated cab design. The Fleetside bed (with outer fenders) was not yet available. Retained the straight-6 and early V8 engine options.
- 1955 (Late): Significant styling updates, including a full wraparound windshield (a defining Task Force feature), restyled grille and hood, and improved interior. This is often considered the true start of the Task Force generation. The name "Task Force" began to be widely used in advertising.
- 1956: Relatively minor changes from late 1955. The most notable difference is the revised grille design. Small trim changes.
- 1957: More significant styling changes, including a wider grille with prominent vertical bars. Introduced the "Big Back Window" option on some cab configurations, a highly desirable feature for collectors.
- 1958: Quad headlights became standard, a major styling departure. Revised grille and hood design. Introduced the "Fleetside" bed (with the bedsides aligned with the cab). A new instrument panel design provided a more modern look.
- 1959: Final year of the Task Force generation. Grille design was again revised, featuring a larger, more prominent design. Minor trim differences from 1958.
Reliability & Common Issues
While generally robust for their age, Task Force GMCs are prone to issues common to vehicles of this era. Thorough inspection and preventative maintenance are crucial.
Engine
- Straight-6 Engines (223, 235, 261 Cubic Inch): These are known for their durability and relatively simple design. Common issues include worn valve guides, leaky valve cover gaskets, and carburetor problems. Overheating can occur, especially if the cooling system hasn't been properly maintained.
- V8 Engines (265, 283, 305, 336, and 350 Cubic Inch): These engines offer more power but are also susceptible to wear and tear. Oil leaks are common, particularly from the rear main seal and valve covers. Carburetor problems can also arise. The 265 and 283 are generally considered very reliable, while the later 350 variations (often retrofitted) may suffer from more modern V8 issues.
- Cooling System: The original cooling systems were often marginal, particularly in warmer climates. Overheating is a significant concern. Replacing the radiator with a larger, modern unit and ensuring proper fan function are highly recommended.
Transmission
- Manual Transmissions (3-speed, 4-speed): Generally reliable, but wear on synchronizers can lead to difficult shifting. Check for excessive play in the shifter and listen for unusual noises during operation. Rebuilding may be necessary.
- Automatic Transmissions (Hydramatic): The Hydramatic is a complex transmission for its time. Rebuilding can be expensive, and parts availability may be limited. Ensure smooth shifting and proper fluid levels. Listen for slipping or harsh engagement.
Chassis and Suspension
- Frame: Check for rust, especially in areas prone to moisture accumulation. Frame damage can compromise the vehicle's structural integrity.
- Suspension: The original suspension is basic, consisting of leaf springs and solid axles. Worn bushings and leaf springs can result in poor ride quality and handling. Replacing worn components with modern alternatives can significantly improve ride and handling. Pay close attention to kingpin condition on front axles.
- Brakes: Original drum brakes can be inadequate by modern standards. Upgrading to disc brakes is a common and highly recommended modification, significantly improving stopping power. Ensure proper operation of the brake booster (if equipped) and check for leaks in the brake lines.
Electrical System
- Wiring: Original wiring harnesses are prone to deterioration and corrosion. Replacing the entire harness with a modern, updated system is often a worthwhile investment.
- Generator/Alternator: Original generators may struggle to keep up with modern electrical demands. Upgrading to an alternator is a common modification.
Body
- Rust: Rust is a major concern, especially in areas with harsh winters. Inspect the cab floor, rocker panels, cab corners, fenders, and bed for signs of rust. Rust repair can be costly and time-consuming.
- Body Panels: Ensure proper alignment of body panels and look for signs of previous repairs. Poorly executed body work can detract from the vehicle's value.
Driving Experience
Driving a Task Force GMC is a unique experience, offering a glimpse into a bygone era of automotive engineering. However, it's important to understand the limitations of these vehicles compared to modern trucks.
Pros:
- Classic Styling: The Task Force trucks boast iconic mid-century styling that is instantly recognizable and highly desirable.
- Simplicity: The mechanical simplicity of these trucks makes them relatively easy to work on and maintain (assuming parts are available).
- Collectibility: Well-preserved or restored Task Force GMCs are valuable collectibles that can appreciate in value.
- Raw Driving Experience: Provides a direct, unadulterated driving experience that is engaging and rewarding.
Cons:
- Ride Quality: The original suspension provides a firm and unforgiving ride, especially on rough roads.
- Handling: Steering can be vague and imprecise, requiring constant attention from the driver.
- Braking: Original drum brakes offer limited stopping power compared to modern disc brakes.
- Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is poor, especially with the V8 engines.
- Reliability: Despite their inherent robustness, age and wear and tear can lead to reliability issues.
- Safety: Lack of modern safety features like seatbelts (in some early models), airbags, and crumple zones makes them less safe than modern vehicles.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Task Force GMC requires careful consideration and thorough inspection. Here's some advice to help you make an informed decision:
Years to Look For:
- 1957 and 1958: These years offer a good balance of classic styling and relative availability of parts. The "Big Back Window" models from 1957 are particularly desirable. 1958 also features the introduction of the Fleetside bed.
- 1959: Represents the final year of the Task Force series and can command a premium due to its rarity.
Years to Avoid (or Approach with Caution):
- Early 1955 (First Series): While historically significant, these trucks have fewer of the iconic Task Force styling cues and may be harder to find parts for. It's easy to mistakenly call older models "Task Force."
- Rust Buckets: Any Task Force GMC with extensive rust damage should be approached with extreme caution. Rust repair can be incredibly costly.
- Heavily Modified Vehicles: Unless the modifications were done professionally and with high-quality components, heavily modified trucks can be a source of problems. Pay close attention to the quality of the modifications.
Key Inspection Points:
- Rust: As mentioned above, rust is a major concern. Pay close attention to the usual suspect areas.
- Engine Condition: Check for leaks, unusual noises, and smoke from the exhaust. Perform a compression test to assess the engine's health.
- Transmission Condition: Ensure smooth shifting and proper engagement. Listen for slipping or unusual noises.
- Frame Condition: Inspect the frame for rust, cracks, and evidence of repairs.
- Electrical System: Check the operation of all lights, gauges, and electrical accessories.
- Documentation: Look for any documentation related to the vehicle's history, repairs, and maintenance.
Other Considerations:
- Originality vs. Restored: Original, unmolested trucks are often more valuable to collectors. However, restored trucks can offer improved reliability and drivability.
- Budget: Set a realistic budget that includes the purchase price, restoration costs (if any), and ongoing maintenance expenses.
- Expert Inspection: If possible, have a qualified mechanic or classic car appraiser inspect the vehicle before you make a purchase.
Buying a Task Force GMC is a rewarding experience that allows you to own a piece of automotive history. By doing your research, performing a thorough inspection, and setting a realistic budget, you can find the perfect Task Force GMC to enjoy for years to come.
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