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Jaguar XJ12 (Series 3): A Comprehensive Buyer's Guide
The Jaguar XJ12 Series 3 represents the pinnacle of classic British luxury motoring. Introduced in 1979, it's a grand tourer that combines effortless power from its V12 engine with opulent comfort and timeless styling. The Series 3 is the final iteration of the original XJ platform and enjoys a reputation as one of the most desirable and collectible classic Jaguars.
Generations of the Jaguar XJ12
While this guide focuses on the Series 3, understanding its place in the XJ lineage is essential:
- Series 1 (1968-1973): The original XJ6 and XJ12 debuted, featuring elegant styling and independent suspension. The XJ12 Series 1 was initially offered in long-wheelbase form only.
- Series 2 (1973-1979): Introduced a raised front bumper and a revised dashboard to meet US safety regulations. Both short and long wheelbase versions were available. This generation saw significant improvements in build quality compared to the initial Series 1.
- Series 3 (1979-1992): Pininfarina styling revisions gave the car a more modern appearance. Features included new bumpers, a revised roofline, and integrated door handles. Mechanical improvements continued, making this the most reliable of the early XJ12 models. Production continued until 1992, overlapping briefly with the XJ40.
Reliability & Common Issues (Series 3 XJ12)
While the Series 3 XJ12 is considered more reliable than its predecessors, owning one requires careful attention to detail and a willingness to address potential issues. Here's a breakdown:
Engine (5.3L V12)
- Cooling System: The V12 generates significant heat, making the cooling system a critical area. Watch for leaks from the radiator, hoses, and water pump. Overheating can lead to head gasket failure. A complete cooling system overhaul (radiator, hoses, water pump, thermostat) is often recommended for cars of this age. Consider upgrading to an aluminum radiator for improved cooling capacity.
- Fuel Injection (Lucas): The Lucas fuel injection system can be problematic. Issues include failing injectors, fuel leaks, and difficulties with cold starting. Professional diagnosis and repair are often necessary. Some owners opt to convert to a modern aftermarket fuel injection system for improved reliability and performance.
- Oil Leaks: The V12 is prone to oil leaks, particularly from the valve covers, oil pan, and rear main seal. While minor leaks are common, excessive leaks should be addressed promptly to prevent further damage.
- Ignition System: Ensure the ignition system (distributor, coil, spark plugs, wires) is in good condition. A weak spark can lead to poor performance and misfires.
Transmission (GM Turbo-Hydramatic 400)
- Smoothness: The TH400 is generally reliable, but regular fluid changes are crucial. Look for smooth, positive shifts. Slipping or harsh shifts indicate potential problems.
- Leaks: Check for leaks from the transmission pan and seals.
Suspension and Brakes
- Rear Suspension: The independent rear suspension is complex and can be expensive to repair. Listen for clunking or knocking sounds, which may indicate worn bushings or dampers.
- Brakes: Ensure the brakes are in good working order. Check for worn pads, warped rotors, and leaks in the hydraulic system. The inboard rear brakes can be challenging to service.
Electrical System
- Wiring: Like many classic British cars, the XJ12 can suffer from electrical gremlins due to age and corrosion. Check all electrical components (lights, wipers, gauges) for proper function.
- Grounding: Ensure all grounding points are clean and secure. Poor grounding can cause a variety of electrical problems.
- Lucas Electrical Components: Many components (switches, relays) are Lucas branded and can be prone to failure. Replacements are often available, but quality can vary.
Body and Interior
- Rust: Check for rust, particularly in the sills, floor pans, wheel arches, and around the windshield and rear window. Rust repair can be costly.
- Interior: The leather upholstery and wood trim are prone to wear and tear. Check for cracks, tears, and discoloration. Ensure all interior features (air conditioning, power windows, etc.) are working properly.
Driving Experience
The Series 3 XJ12 offers a unique and rewarding driving experience, but it's important to understand its strengths and weaknesses:
Pros:
- Effortless Power: The V12 engine delivers smooth, responsive power across the rev range. It's a true grand tourer, capable of cruising at high speeds with ease.
- Luxury and Comfort: The XJ12 is renowned for its luxurious interior, comfortable seats, and smooth ride.
- Timeless Styling: The Pininfarina-designed exterior is elegant and distinctive.
- Refinement: Compared to earlier XJ12s, the Series 3 offers improved refinement and noise insulation.
Cons:
- Fuel Economy: The V12 engine is thirsty. Expect poor fuel economy, especially in city driving.
- Complexity: The XJ12 is a complex car, and repairs can be expensive.
- Weight: The car is heavy, which can affect handling and braking performance.
- Reliability: While the Series 3 is more reliable than earlier models, it still requires regular maintenance and attention to prevent problems.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Series 3 XJ12 requires careful consideration. Here's some advice to help you find the right car:
- Condition is Key: Prioritize a car that has been well-maintained and is in good overall condition. Don't be afraid to walk away from a car with significant rust or mechanical issues.
- Service History: Look for a car with a comprehensive service history. This will give you a better understanding of the car's past maintenance and potential issues.
- Pre-Purchase Inspection: Have the car inspected by a qualified mechanic who is familiar with Jaguars. This will help you identify any potential problems before you buy.
- Rust Inspection: Pay close attention to rust. Use a magnet and flashlight to thoroughly inspect the body, especially in the vulnerable areas mentioned earlier.
- Test Drive: Take the car for a thorough test drive. Pay attention to the engine's performance, the transmission's smoothness, and the suspension's handling.
- Parts Availability: While many parts are still available, some may be difficult or expensive to find. Research parts availability and prices before you buy.
- Specific Years: While all Series 3 cars are generally desirable, later production years (1987-1992) often benefit from further refinements and upgrades. However, earlier cars (1979-1986) may be more affordable.
- What to Avoid: Avoid cars with significant rust, major mechanical problems, or a lack of service history. Cars that have been neglected or poorly maintained are likely to be a money pit.
- Budget Accordingly: Owning a classic Jaguar requires a realistic budget for maintenance and repairs. Be prepared to spend money to keep the car in good condition.
- Consider a Specialist: Seek out a reputable Jaguar specialist for maintenance and repairs. They will have the knowledge and experience to properly care for your car.
The Jaguar XJ12 Series 3 is a rewarding classic car to own. By following this guide, you can make an informed decision and enjoy the unique blend of power, luxury, and style that this iconic vehicle offers.
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