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Lexus Ls 400

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The Lexus LS 400: A Definitive Guide

The Lexus LS 400, Toyota's groundbreaking luxury sedan, redefined the automotive landscape upon its debut. Born from the "F1" project (Flagship One), it was designed to challenge established European rivals like Mercedes-Benz and BMW. Released in 1989, it signaled Toyota's entry into the premium car market, showcasing unparalleled refinement, build quality, and technological innovation at a competitive price point. The LS 400 falls into the full-size luxury sedan category.

Generations of the Lexus LS 400

First Generation (XF10; 1989-1994)

  • Key Features:
    • New 4.0-liter 1UZ-FE V8 engine (250 hp)
    • Rear-wheel drive
    • Exceptional quietness and smoothness
    • Advanced features for the time: power seats, automatic climate control, premium audio
    • Aerodynamic design with a low drag coefficient
    • Available with air suspension (optional)
  • Notable Changes:
    • 1993: Mid-cycle refresh including revised styling, improved sound insulation, and enhanced suspension tuning. Slightly larger wheels and tires were fitted.

Second Generation (XF20; 1995-2000)

  • Key Features:
    • Refined 4.0-liter 1UZ-FE V8 engine (260 hp initially, later 290 hp)
    • Increased rigidity and improved handling
    • More luxurious interior with upgraded materials
    • Enhanced safety features including available Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) in later years
    • Minor styling updates - smoother lines and a slightly more modern appearance
  • Notable Changes:
    • 1998: Major facelift with updated front and rear fascias, redesigned interior elements, and increased engine output to 290 hp. Also saw the introduction of VSC.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Lexus LS 400 is renowned for its exceptional reliability, a key factor in its initial success. However, like any aging vehicle, certain issues can arise:

Engine (1UZ-FE V8):

  • Timing Belt: The 1UZ-FE is an interference engine, meaning that if the timing belt breaks, severe engine damage can occur. Scheduled replacement every 90,000 miles is critical. Failure to do so is a major concern.
  • Distributor Cap and Rotor: These components can wear over time, leading to misfires. Routine inspection and replacement are necessary.
  • Valve Cover Gaskets: Oil leaks from the valve cover gaskets are common, leading to oil dripping onto the exhaust manifolds. Replacing these gaskets is a relatively straightforward repair.
  • Water Pump: The water pump can fail with age. It's often replaced during timing belt services as preventive maintenance.

Transmission:

  • Automatic Transmission: Generally robust, but fluid changes are essential for longevity. Neglecting transmission fluid changes can lead to premature wear and potential failure. Look for evidence of regular servicing.
  • Shift Solenoids: Shift solenoids can sometimes fail, causing erratic shifting.

Suspension:

  • Air Suspension (Optional): If equipped with air suspension (particularly on earlier models), this system can be a source of expensive repairs. Air struts can leak, and the air compressor can fail. Conversion to coil springs is a common and often more reliable alternative. Thorough inspection is crucial.
  • Suspension Bushings: Rubber suspension bushings can degrade over time, leading to a loose and imprecise ride. Replacement can improve handling and comfort.
  • Ball Joints: Inspect ball joints for wear and play.

Electrical:

  • Power Antenna: The power antenna motor can fail, leaving the antenna stuck.
  • Climate Control System: Issues with the climate control system, such as malfunctioning actuators or a faulty A/C compressor, can occur.
  • Instrument Cluster: In some cases, the instrument cluster can develop problems.

Other:

  • Rust: Check for rust, especially in areas prone to corrosion, such as wheel wells, rocker panels, and undercarriage. While Lexus quality is high, age can still take its toll, especially in areas with road salt.
  • Brakes: Ensure the brakes are in good working order. Inspect brake lines for corrosion.

Driving Experience

The Lexus LS 400 offers a supremely comfortable and refined driving experience. It prioritizes smoothness and quietness over outright sportiness.

Pros:

  • Exceptional Smoothness and Quietness: The LS 400 is renowned for its isolation from road noise and engine vibration.
  • Comfortable Ride: The suspension absorbs bumps and imperfections with ease, providing a comfortable ride for both driver and passengers.
  • Reliable and Durable: With proper maintenance, the LS 400 can provide many years of dependable service.
  • Well-Equipped: Even by today's standards, the LS 400 offers a generous array of features.

Cons:

  • Handling: The LS 400 is not a sports sedan. Handling is comfortable but not particularly engaging.
  • Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is typical of a V8-powered sedan of its era.
  • Age-Related Issues: As with any older car, age-related issues can arise.

Buying Advice

When purchasing a Lexus LS 400, consider the following:

Years to Look For:

  • 1998-2000 (XF20 Facelift): These models offer the most refined driving experience, increased engine output, and enhanced safety features like VSC (Vehicle Stability Control). They also have more modern styling cues.
  • 1993-1994 (XF10 Updated): The mid-cycle refresh for the first generation brought improvements in styling and refinement, making these models desirable.

Years to Potentially Avoid (or Be Extra Cautious With):

  • Early XF10 models (1989-1992) with Air Suspension: While the air suspension is comfortable, it's a potential source of expensive repairs. Thorough inspection is essential, and be prepared for potential replacement costs. Conversion to conventional springs might be a prudent choice for reliability.

Key Considerations:

  • Maintenance Records: Look for vehicles with meticulous maintenance records, particularly documenting timing belt replacements, fluid changes, and other essential services. Lack of records is a red flag.
  • Pre-Purchase Inspection: Have a qualified mechanic perform a thorough pre-purchase inspection to identify any potential issues. Pay particular attention to the timing belt, suspension, and transmission.
  • Rust Inspection: Carefully inspect the vehicle for rust, especially in areas prone to corrosion.
  • Test Drive: Take the vehicle for a thorough test drive to assess its overall condition and performance. Listen for any unusual noises and pay attention to how the transmission shifts.
  • Air Suspension Condition: If equipped with air suspension, check for sagging, leaks, and compressor operation. Consider the cost of potential repairs or conversion to conventional springs.
  • Mileage: While the LS 400 is known for its durability, higher mileage examples may require more maintenance and repairs. A well-maintained higher mileage car is often preferable to a poorly maintained lower mileage one.

By following this guide and conducting thorough research, you can find a well-preserved Lexus LS 400 that offers a luxurious and reliable driving experience for years to come.

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