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Mercedes Benz Mercedes Benz W116 (S Class)

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Mercedes-Benz W116 S-Class: A Comprehensive Guide

The Mercedes-Benz W116, produced from 1972 to 1980, represents a significant milestone in automotive history. It was the first Mercedes-Benz to officially bear the title "S-Class," signifying "Sonderklasse" (Special Class). It was a full-size luxury sedan designed to provide unparalleled comfort, safety, and performance, setting a new benchmark for its competitors and establishing the S-Class as the flagship model for Mercedes-Benz.

Generations

W116 (1972-1980)

The W116 was the sole generation and underwent minor changes throughout its production run. Key features and developments include:

  • Initial Launch (1972): Introduction with models like the 280 S, 280 SE, and 350 SE, featuring inline-six and V8 engines. Notable for its integrated crumple zones, a pioneering safety feature.
  • 350 SEL and 450 SEL (1973): Introduction of the long-wheelbase "L" models, providing increased rear legroom. The 450 SEL marked the debut of the powerful 4.5-liter V8.
  • First Production Car with ABS (1978): The W116 was the first production vehicle available with anti-lock brakes (ABS) as an option, a revolutionary safety advancement co-developed with Bosch.
  • 450 SEL 6.9 (1975): A performance flagship with a 6.9-liter M100 V8 engine producing substantial power and torque. It also featured a hydropneumatic self-leveling suspension.
  • Diesel Option (300 SD Turbo Diesel, 1978-1980): Primarily for the North American market, the 300 SD was powered by a 3.0-liter turbocharged diesel engine. It was a response to rising fuel prices and tightening emission regulations.

Reliability & Common Issues

While the W116 is renowned for its build quality, its age means certain issues are common. A thorough pre-purchase inspection is crucial.

  • Rust: Rust is a major concern, especially in areas with harsh winters. Check thoroughly around the wheel arches, sills, floor pans, and around the windshield and rear window seals. Repairing rust can be costly.
  • Engine Issues:
    • V8 Engines (4.5L, 6.9L): These engines can suffer from timing chain wear, oil leaks (valve cover gaskets, rear main seal), and fuel injection problems (especially the D-Jetronic system on earlier models). The 6.9L is particularly sensitive to maintenance, especially the self-leveling suspension system.
    • Inline-Six Engines: generally more reliable than the V8s but can still suffer from carburetor issues (on 280S models) or fuel injection problems (280SE).
    • Diesel Engines (300 SD): Turbos can fail with age. Check for excessive smoke, especially on startup or under acceleration. Injection pumps can also require servicing or rebuilding.
  • Fuel System: Fuel injection systems (D-Jetronic and K-Jetronic) can be complex and sensitive to issues. Fuel pumps, fuel injectors, and pressure regulators can fail, leading to poor performance and difficulty starting.
  • Transmission: The automatic transmissions are generally robust, but check for smooth shifting and any signs of slipping or delayed engagement. Servicing is essential.
  • Suspension:
    • Standard Suspension: Check for worn bushings, ball joints, and shock absorbers.
    • Hydropneumatic Suspension (450 SEL 6.9): This system requires specialized knowledge and maintenance. Check for leaks, proper ride height, and the functionality of the self-leveling system. Repairs can be very expensive.
  • Electrical System: Wiring can become brittle and corroded with age. Check for proper functioning of all lights, gauges, and accessories. Central locking systems can also be problematic.
  • Interior: Interior components, such as the seats, wood trim, and carpets, can show wear and tear. Restoring the interior can be expensive.

Driving Experience

The W116 provides a unique driving experience that blends luxury, comfort, and a sense of solidity. It is not a sports car but excels at comfortable long-distance cruising.

Pros:

  • Exceptional Ride Comfort: The suspension, especially on models with the hydropneumatic system (450 SEL 6.9), provides a smooth and comfortable ride.
  • Solid Build Quality: The W116 is built to last, with a robust chassis and high-quality materials.
  • Refined Engines: The V8 engines, particularly the 6.9-liter, offer ample power and smooth performance.
  • Classic Styling: The W116's design is timeless and elegant.
  • Pioneering Safety Features: Features like crumple zones and optional ABS (from 1978) demonstrate the W116's commitment to safety.

Cons:

  • Fuel Economy: Fuel consumption is high, especially with the V8 engines.
  • Maintenance Costs: Parts and labor can be expensive, especially for the 450 SEL 6.9 and its complicated hydropneumatic system.
  • Size and Weight: The W116 is a large and heavy car, making it less agile than modern vehicles.
  • Age-Related Issues: Rust, electrical problems, and wear and tear are common concerns.
  • Complexity of Systems: The fuel injection and climate control systems can be complex and difficult to diagnose and repair.

Buying Advice

Buying a W116 S-Class requires careful consideration. Here's some advice:

  • Budget Realistically: Factor in not only the purchase price but also potential repair and maintenance costs.
  • Prioritize Condition Over Model Year: A well-maintained example, even from an earlier year, is preferable to a neglected later model.
  • Thorough Pre-Purchase Inspection: Have a qualified mechanic familiar with classic Mercedes-Benz vehicles inspect the car thoroughly. Pay close attention to rust, engine condition, and the functionality of all systems.
  • Consider the 450 SEL 6.9 Carefully: While the 6.9 is a desirable model, its hydropneumatic suspension and complex engine require specialized maintenance. Unless you are prepared to invest in proper care, consider a different model.
  • Check for Service History: A comprehensive service history is a good indicator of how well the car has been maintained.
  • Be Aware of Rust Repair Costs: Rust repair can be very expensive. Factor this into your budget.
  • Early Models (1972-1975): These cars have the earlier D-Jetronic fuel injection system. While functional, it is less advanced and can be more difficult to troubleshoot than the K-Jetronic system used in later models.
  • Late Models (1978-1980): These models often benefit from minor improvements and the availability of ABS (though this was an option, not standard). The 300 SD Turbo Diesel is a good option for those seeking better fuel economy.

Ultimately, owning a W116 S-Class is a rewarding experience, offering a glimpse into a bygone era of automotive excellence. With careful research, a thorough inspection, and a commitment to proper maintenance, you can enjoy the comfort, style, and timeless appeal of this iconic Mercedes-Benz.

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