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Nissan Nissan Silvia

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The Nissan Silvia: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

The Nissan Silvia is a series of sports coupes produced by Nissan from 1964 to 2002. Known for its sleek styling, rear-wheel-drive layout, and tuning potential, the Silvia enjoys a cult following, particularly in the drifting and motorsports communities. Its diverse range of engines, from naturally aspirated to turbocharged, contributed to its widespread appeal and solidified its place as an icon of Japanese sports cars.

Originally conceived as a hand-built coupe based on the Datsun Fairlady roadster, the Silvia evolved through several distinct generations, each offering a unique blend of performance, technology, and styling. It falls into the category of a compact, rear-wheel-drive sports coupe, often competing with rivals like the Toyota Celica (depending on the generation) and Mazda RX-7 (though that was a different class). The Silvia's accessible price point and ease of modification made it a popular choice for both casual enthusiasts and serious competitors.

Generations

CSP311 (1964-1968)

  • The original Silvia, a hand-built coupe based on the Datsun Fairlady chassis.
  • Powered by a 1.6L R series engine.
  • Extremely rare and valuable.
  • Distinctive, elegant styling.

S10 (1975-1979)

  • First mass-produced Silvia, using the S platform.
  • Offered with the L18 engine.
  • Sold as the Datsun 200SX in North America.
  • Less popular than subsequent generations, but represents a transitional phase.

S110 (1979-1983)

  • Featured angular styling and a variety of engine options.
  • Included the 2.0L Z20E engine.
  • Continued to be sold as the Datsun 200SX in North America.
  • Noted for its boxy, 80s-era design.

S12 (1983-1988)

  • Available in both coupe and hatchback bodystyles.
  • Engine options included the CA18E, CA18ET (turbo), and VG30E V6.
  • Sold as the 200SX in North America (coupe) and the 240SX (hatchback, with the KA24E engine).
  • Notable for pop-up headlights and increasing performance.

S13 (1988-1994)

  • A major turning point in the Silvia's popularity.
  • Featured rounded styling and improved handling.
  • Powered by the CA18DE/DET and later the SR20DE/DET engines.
  • Available as the Silvia (coupe) and 180SX (hatchback).
  • Sold as the 240SX in North America (with the KA24E/DE engine).
  • Highly sought after for its drifting potential and tunability.

S14 (1993-1999)

  • Larger and more refined than the S13.
  • Continued to use the SR20DE/DET engine.
  • Slightly less popular than the S13 in some markets due to its heavier weight and less aggressive styling (initially).
  • Later models (Kouki) featured revised front-end styling, addressing some of the initial criticism.

S15 (1999-2002)

  • The final generation of the Silvia, considered by many to be the most desirable.
  • Featured aggressive styling and improved performance.
  • Powered by the SR20DE/DET engines.
  • Available in various trims, including the Spec-S (naturally aspirated) and Spec-R (turbocharged).
  • Never officially sold in North America, making it a sought-after import.

Reliability & Common Issues

Engine (SR20DET)

  • Oil Starvation: A significant concern, especially in high-performance applications like drifting. Insufficient oiling, often due to poor baffling in the oil pan, can lead to bearing failure. Upgraded oil pans with improved baffling are highly recommended.
  • Valve Stem Seals: Common issue in older SR20DET engines, leading to oil consumption and smoking upon startup.
  • Turbocharger Failure: The stock turbocharger can be prone to failure, particularly if not properly maintained or overboosted. Inspect for excessive shaft play and oil leaks.
  • Detonation: The SR20DET is sensitive to fuel quality and tuning. Detonation (knocking) can quickly destroy the engine. Ensure proper fuel octane and a safe tune, especially when running increased boost.
  • Timing Chain Tensioner (SR20DE/DET post-1995): The later SR20s switched to a chain tensioner that can wear and cause chain slap. Listen for rattling noises at startup.

Chassis & Suspension

  • Rust: A common issue, especially in areas with harsh winters. Check the undercarriage, wheel wells, and around the windshield for rust.
  • Suspension Bushings: The factory suspension bushings wear out over time, affecting handling and ride quality. Consider replacing them with polyurethane bushings for improved performance and durability.
  • HICAS (High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering): Found on some models. Can be problematic and is often removed or disabled.
  • Alignment Issues: Damage from accidents and general wear can lead to alignment problems. Get a proper alignment after any suspension work or if the car pulls to one side.

Electrical

  • Wiring Harness Degradation: Older wiring harnesses can become brittle and crack, leading to electrical problems. Check for frayed or damaged wires, especially in the engine bay.
  • Sensor Failures: Common issues with sensors such as the mass airflow sensor (MAF), oxygen sensor (O2 sensor), and coolant temperature sensor.
  • ECU Issues: The ECU can fail over time, leading to various performance problems. Consider a standalone ECU for improved tuning and reliability.

Other

  • Differential Issues: The stock open differential can be a limitation for drifting and performance driving. Consider upgrading to a limited-slip differential (LSD).
  • Transmission Wear: The manual transmissions can wear out, particularly if subjected to harsh use. Check for grinding noises and difficulty shifting.

Driving Experience

Pros:

  • Excellent Handling: The Silvia's rear-wheel-drive layout and well-balanced chassis provide excellent handling characteristics.
  • Tuning Potential: The SR20DET engine is highly tunable and capable of producing significant power.
  • Drifting Capability: The Silvia is a popular choice for drifting due to its predictable handling and readily available aftermarket support.
  • Responsive Engine: The SR20DET provides strong torque and a quick throttle response.
  • Styling: Each generation offers distinct styling, but all are generally considered attractive sports coupes.

Cons:

  • Rarity and Price: Desirable generations (S13, S14, S15) can be expensive, especially in good condition.
  • Reliability Issues: Older Silvias can be prone to reliability issues, particularly if not properly maintained.
  • Rust: Rust can be a significant problem, especially in certain climates.
  • Comfort: The Silvia is not the most comfortable car for long trips.
  • Insurance Costs: Insurance costs can be high, especially for younger drivers.

Buying Advice

What Years to Look For:

  • S13 (1989-1994): A classic choice for drifting and tuning, relatively affordable compared to later generations. Look for well-maintained examples with minimal rust.
  • S14 (1995-1998): A more refined option with improved handling. The Kouki (facelift) models are often preferred for their styling.
  • S15 (1999-2002): The most desirable generation, but also the most expensive and difficult to find, especially in good condition. These will be imported if found in North America.

What to Avoid:

  • Heavily Modified Cars: Unless you know what you're doing, avoid cars that have been heavily modified, especially if the modifications have been done poorly.
  • Rust Buckets: Avoid cars with significant rust damage, as repairs can be costly and time-consuming.
  • Cars with a Salvage Title: Cars with a salvage title may have hidden damage that can be difficult to repair.
  • Cars with a Blown Engine or Transmission: Replacing an engine or transmission can be expensive.
  • Cars that haven't been properly maintained: Ask for maintenance records and look for signs of neglect.

General Tips:

  • Get a Pre-Purchase Inspection (PPI): Have a qualified mechanic inspect the car before you buy it.
  • Check for Rust: Pay close attention to rust, especially in the undercarriage, wheel wells, and around the windshield.
  • Test Drive the Car: Take the car for a test drive and pay attention to how it handles, shifts, and sounds.
  • Check the VIN: Verify the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) to ensure that the car has not been stolen or tampered with.
  • Do Your Research: Learn as much as you can about the Silvia before you buy one.
  • Factor in Import Costs (for S15): If buying an S15, understand the legal implications and costs associated with importing and registering it.

Buying a Nissan Silvia can be a rewarding experience. With careful research and a thorough inspection, you can find a well-maintained example that will provide years of driving pleasure.

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