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Porsche 944

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The Porsche 944: A Comprehensive Guide

The Porsche 944, a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports car, represents a pivotal moment in Porsche's history. Introduced in 1982, it bridged the gap between the entry-level 924 and the iconic 911, offering a compelling blend of performance, handling, and practicality. Often categorized as a grand tourer (GT) or a sports coupe, the 944 provided a more accessible and user-friendly experience than the 911 while retaining the Porsche DNA of engaging driving dynamics. It proved remarkably successful, becoming one of Porsche's best-selling models in the 1980s and solidifying the company's presence in the performance car market.

Generations of the Porsche 944

The 944 evolved through several significant iterations, each building upon the strengths of its predecessor. Here's a breakdown of the key generations:

  • 944 (1982-1985): This was the original 944, powered by a 2.5-liter inline-four engine producing around 143 hp (later increased to 150 hp in some markets). Key features include the characteristic flared fenders, a liftback design providing practical storage, and a transaxle setup for optimal weight distribution.
  • 944 Turbo (1985.5-1988): The introduction of the Turbo model marked a significant performance leap. It featured a turbocharged and intercooled version of the 2.5-liter engine, boosting output to around 220 hp. The Turbo received several upgrades including improved brakes, suspension, and a revised front fascia for better aerodynamics. The "early" 1985 Turbo cars are considered rare due to their short production run.
  • 944S (1987-1988): The 944S was introduced as a naturally aspirated alternative to the Turbo, featuring a 16-valve cylinder head on the 2.5-liter engine. This boosted power to around 190 hp. The 944S offered improved performance over the base 944 without the complexity of the Turbo.
  • 944 Turbo S (1988): A higher-performance version of the 944 Turbo, the Turbo S featured increased boost pressure and a larger K26/8 turbocharger. Output was bumped to 247 hp. It also included standard features like adjustable Koni shocks and ABS.
  • 944S2 (1989-1991): The S2 saw a significant engine upgrade to a 3.0-liter, 16-valve naturally aspirated inline-four, producing around 208 hp. The S2 offered a more refined and torquey driving experience compared to the earlier 2.5-liter engines. Visually, it shared the Turbo's rounded nose.
  • 944 (base) (1989): The base 944 was updated with the Turbo's styling including the integrated front bumper and revised interior. It retained the 2.5-liter 8-valve engine.
  • 944 Turbo Cabriolet (1991): A limited-production convertible version of the 944 Turbo, combining the open-air experience with the Turbo's performance. These are highly sought after.

Reliability & Common Issues

While generally reliable, the Porsche 944, like any car of its age, has potential issues that buyers should be aware of. Careful inspection and maintenance are crucial.

Engine

  • Timing Belt and Water Pump: This is the most critical maintenance item. The timing belt drives the camshaft and intermediate shaft, which in turn drive the water pump. Failure of any of these components can lead to catastrophic engine damage. Replacement should be done every 30,000-45,000 miles or every 3-5 years, regardless of mileage. Always replace the water pump, tensioner, and rollers along with the timing belt.
  • Head Gasket: Overheating can lead to head gasket failure. Look for signs of coolant leaks, milky oil, or excessive pressure in the cooling system.
  • Oil Leaks: Valve cover gaskets, oil pan gaskets, and front crank seals are common sources of oil leaks.
  • Turbocharger (Turbo Models): Inspect the turbocharger for excessive play in the turbine shaft, oil leaks, and signs of damage. Rebuilding or replacing the turbo can be expensive.
  • Balance Shafts: The 944 utilizes balance shafts to reduce engine vibrations. These are also driven by a belt, which should be replaced along with the timing belt. Failure of the balance shaft belt can cause significant engine vibrations and, in some cases, damage.

Drivetrain

  • Transaxle: The transaxle, located at the rear of the car, can develop issues with the synchronizers, leading to difficulty shifting gears. Listen for grinding noises when shifting, especially into second and third gear.
  • Clutch: Check for signs of clutch slippage, shuddering, or a high engagement point.
  • Torque Tube: The torque tube connects the engine to the transaxle and houses the driveshaft. Worn torque tube bearings can cause vibrations and noise.

Suspension & Brakes

  • Suspension Bushings: The suspension bushings wear out over time, leading to sloppy handling and noise. Inspect the bushings for cracks and deterioration.
  • Shocks and Struts: Check the shocks and struts for leaks and signs of wear.
  • Brake System: Ensure the brakes are in good working order. Check the brake pads, rotors, and brake lines for wear and damage. The ABS system (if equipped) should be functioning properly.

Electrical

  • Wiring Harness: The wiring harness can become brittle and corroded with age, leading to electrical problems.
  • Relays: Check the relays for proper operation.
  • Ground Connections: Ensure all ground connections are clean and secure.

Body & Interior

  • Rust: Check for rust, especially in areas prone to moisture, such as the wheel wells, rocker panels, and underbody.
  • Interior Condition: The interior can be prone to wear and tear. Check the seats, dashboard, and carpets for damage. Ensure all gauges and controls are functioning properly.
  • Sunroof: If equipped with a sunroof, check that it operates smoothly and doesn't leak.

Driving Experience

The Porsche 944 offers a unique and rewarding driving experience, characterized by its balanced handling, responsive steering, and comfortable ride. Here's a breakdown of the pros and cons:

Pros:

  • Balanced Handling: The transaxle setup provides excellent weight distribution, resulting in neutral and predictable handling.
  • Responsive Steering: The steering is precise and communicative, providing excellent feedback to the driver.
  • Comfortable Ride: The 944 offers a surprisingly comfortable ride for a sports car, making it suitable for both daily driving and long-distance touring.
  • Practicality: The liftback design provides a usable amount of cargo space.
  • Engaging Engine (especially 16V and Turbo): The high-revving nature of the 16V engines and the punch of the turbo models provide a fun and engaging experience.

Cons:

  • Inline-Four Engine Sound: Some find the sound of the inline-four engine less appealing than the sound of a six-cylinder engine.
  • Potentially Expensive Maintenance: Repairs can be expensive, especially if specialized parts are required.
  • Age-Related Issues: As with any older car, age-related issues can arise, requiring careful maintenance and repairs.
  • Base Model Performance: The base 944 can feel underpowered compared to the Turbo or S2 models.

Buying Advice

Buying a Porsche 944 requires careful research and inspection. Here's some advice to help you find the right car:

What Years to Look For:

  • 1987-1988 944S: Offers a good balance of performance and reliability.
  • 1989-1991 944S2: The 3.0-liter engine provides a more refined and torquey driving experience.
  • 1988 944 Turbo S: Offers the most performance of the 944 Turbo line.
  • 1986-1988 944 Turbo: A great blend of performance and value.

What to Avoid (or be extra cautious about):

  • Early 944s (1982-1985): May have less desirable interior components and slightly less powerful engines.
  • Cars with Poor Maintenance Records: Avoid cars that haven't been properly maintained, as they may require expensive repairs.
  • Cars with Rust Damage: Rust can be difficult and expensive to repair.
  • Modified Cars: Unless the modifications have been done professionally and are well-documented, it's best to avoid heavily modified cars.

Pre-Purchase Inspection:

  • Hire a qualified mechanic: Have a Porsche-specialized mechanic perform a pre-purchase inspection.
  • Check the timing belt and water pump: Verify when the timing belt and water pump were last replaced.
  • Inspect for leaks: Check for oil and coolant leaks.
  • Test drive the car: Pay attention to the way the car drives and handles. Listen for unusual noises.
  • Check the electrical system: Ensure all electrical components are functioning properly.
  • Review service history: Obtain and review the car's service history.

By following these guidelines, you can increase your chances of finding a well-maintained and enjoyable Porsche 944 that will provide years of driving pleasure.

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