The Rolls-Royce Twenty: A Comprehensive Guide
The Rolls-Royce Twenty, produced from 1922 to 1929, represents a crucial pivot point in the marque's history. In the post-World War I era, the demand for large, opulent cars remained, but a growing segment of buyers desired a more manageable and economical vehicle. The Twenty was Rolls-Royce's answer, slotting in below the Silver Ghost and appealing to owner-drivers rather than solely to chauffeur-driven clientele. It was a significant departure, aimed at broadening the company's appeal and ensuring its long-term survival. It belongs to the class of luxury touring cars.
Generations
The Rolls-Royce Twenty wasn't strictly divided into distinct generations in the modern sense. However, we can delineate the production run into distinct phases based on subtle but important mechanical and design modifications:
- 1922-1925: Early Production – These early models are characterized by their initial engine configuration and smaller brakes. Identifying features include earlier style sidelamps and generally more utilitarian bodywork.
- 1925-1929: Refined Production – Later models saw refinements to the engine, particularly in carburetor and ignition systems, leading to improved performance. Crucially, these models benefitted from the adoption of four-wheel brakes around 1925/26, a significant improvement. Body styles also became more sophisticated.
Reliability & Common Issues
While the Rolls-Royce Twenty was engineered to a high standard, age and previous maintenance (or lack thereof) are critical factors to consider. Here's a breakdown of potential trouble spots:
Engine
The Twenty used a 3.1-liter (later slightly enlarged) overhead-valve inline-6 engine. While generally robust, several points require attention:
- Overheating: Cooling systems, particularly radiators, can be prone to clogging and leaks. Ensure the radiator is clean and the cooling system is properly maintained. Check for signs of head gasket issues, such as oil in the coolant or excessive pressure in the cooling system.
- Carburetion: Early models utilized a single Rolls-Royce carburetor, which can be sensitive to adjustment. Later models often benefit from aftermarket carburetor conversions, improving drivability. Check for smooth idling and proper fuel mixture.
- Lubrication: The engine relies on a sophisticated lubrication system. Check oil pressure and ensure that the oil pump is functioning correctly. Look for leaks around the engine, particularly at seals and gaskets.
- Ignition: Inspect the magneto and distributor. Ensure that they are properly timed and that the ignition system is delivering a strong spark. Weak ignition can lead to poor performance and difficulty starting.
Chassis & Brakes
The chassis is generally robust, but corrosion can be a concern. The braking system is a critical area of concern.
- Chassis Corrosion: Inspect the chassis rails carefully for rust, particularly in areas prone to water and salt exposure.
- Brakes: Early models were notoriously under-braked, using only rear-wheel brakes. The later adoption of four-wheel brakes was a significant improvement, but even these can feel inadequate by modern standards. Check the condition of the brake linings, drums, and hydraulics. Consider upgrading to more modern brake materials for improved performance, but only if done sympathetically and reversibly.
- Suspension: The suspension utilizes leaf springs. Check for broken or sagging springs. Bushings can also wear, leading to sloppy handling.
- Steering: Inspect the steering box for excessive play. The steering system is complex, and wear can lead to imprecise handling.
Electrical System
The electrical system is typically 6-volt and can be unreliable due to age and degradation of wiring.
- Wiring: The original wiring can become brittle and prone to shorts. Consider having the wiring loom inspected and, if necessary, replaced with a modern, period-correct wiring harness.
- Dynamo/Generator: Ensure the dynamo or generator is functioning correctly and charging the battery properly.
Driving Experience
Driving a Rolls-Royce Twenty is a unique experience, far removed from modern motoring. It offers a glimpse into a bygone era of luxury and craftsmanship.
Pros:
- Refined Ride: Despite its age, the Twenty provides a surprisingly comfortable ride, soaking up bumps with aplomb.
- Classic Styling: The elegant styling and coachbuilt bodies exude timeless class and sophistication.
- Mechanical Simplicity: While complex by modern standards, the Twenty's mechanical design is relatively straightforward, making it easier to maintain than some later Rolls-Royce models.
- Community and Support: A dedicated community of Rolls-Royce enthusiasts provides valuable support and resources for owners.
Cons:
- Performance: Performance is leisurely by modern standards. Acceleration is modest, and high-speed cruising is not recommended.
- Braking: As mentioned above, the brakes can be inadequate, particularly on earlier models.
- Maintenance: Maintaining a vintage Rolls-Royce requires specialized knowledge and access to parts, which can be expensive.
- Parts Availability: While many parts are available through specialist suppliers, some components can be difficult to source.
Buying Advice
Purchasing a Rolls-Royce Twenty requires careful consideration and a thorough inspection.
What Years to Look For:
- 1926-1929: These later models are generally preferred due to the adoption of four-wheel brakes and refinements to the engine and bodywork.
What to Avoid:
- Cars with Extensive Rust: Major rust repairs can be costly and compromise the structural integrity of the chassis.
- Cars with Poorly Executed Modifications: Modifications that deviate significantly from the original specification can detract from the car's value and reliability.
- Cars with Incomplete History: A well-documented history is essential for understanding the car's condition and maintenance.
Key Considerations:
- Condition Assessment: Have the car inspected by a qualified Rolls-Royce specialist before making a purchase. Pay particular attention to the engine, chassis, brakes, and electrical system.
- Provenance: Research the car's history and provenance. A car with a known history and famous previous owners can command a premium.
- Budget: Factor in the cost of maintenance and potential repairs when determining your budget. Owning a vintage Rolls-Royce is not inexpensive.
- Body Style: Consider the body style that best suits your needs. Open tourers are ideal for sunny days, while saloons offer greater practicality.
Buying a Rolls-Royce Twenty is an investment in a piece of automotive history. With careful research and a thorough inspection, you can find a car that will provide years of enjoyment.
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