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Subaru Subaru Leone

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The Subaru Leone: A Comprehensive Guide

The Subaru Leone was a compact car manufactured by Fuji Heavy Industries (now Subaru Corporation) from 1971 to 1994. It was a pivotal model for Subaru, establishing their reputation for reliable, all-wheel-drive vehicles and pioneering features that would become synonymous with the brand. Competing primarily in the compact car segment against rivals like the Toyota Corolla and Nissan Sunny, the Leone offered a unique proposition with its available all-wheel drive, making it particularly appealing in regions with challenging weather conditions. It laid the foundation for many future Subaru models and solidified the company's commitment to horizontally opposed "boxer" engines and symmetrical all-wheel drive.

Generations of the Subaru Leone

First Generation (1971-1979)

The first generation Leone was introduced as a front-wheel-drive compact sedan and coupe. Key changes during this generation included:

  • 1971: Initial launch with 1.4L EA61 engine.
  • 1972: Introduction of the 4WD station wagon, a groundbreaking development for its time, providing all-weather capability in a practical body style.
  • 1973: Engine upgraded to 1.4L EA62.
  • 1975: Minor styling updates.
  • 1977: Introduction of the 1.6L EA71 engine, improving performance.

Second Generation (1979-1984)

The second generation Leone saw a significant design refresh and improvements in technology. Key changes included:

  • 1979: Complete redesign with a more modern and aerodynamic body.
  • 1980: Introduction of the GL trim, offering more features and upscale appointments.
  • 1981: Available automatic transmission with an overdrive function for improved fuel economy. Introduction of power steering on some models.
  • 1982: Introduction of a turbocharged engine option (EA81T) in some markets, boosting performance significantly. Digital instrument cluster offered as an option.
  • 1983: Minor styling tweaks, including revised grille and taillights.

Third Generation (1984-1994)

The third and final generation Leone represented a refinement of the formula, with continued improvements in technology and comfort. Key changes included:

  • 1984: Full redesign, with a more rounded and contemporary shape. Improved interior design and features.
  • 1985: Introduction of a fuel-injected engine (EA82) option for increased efficiency and power.
  • 1986: A facelift with updated headlights, grille, and interior trim.
  • 1987: Introduction of the RX Turbo model, featuring a more powerful turbocharged engine and sport-tuned suspension.
  • 1989: Minor updates to interior and exterior styling. Catalytic converters became standard.
  • 1990-1994: Gradual phase-out in some markets as newer models like the Impreza were introduced.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Subaru Leone, particularly in its earlier iterations, earned a reputation for rugged reliability, thanks to its robust engine design and, for the 4WD models, its durable drivetrain. However, like any older vehicle, certain issues are common:

Engine

  • Head Gasket Leaks: The EA series engines are prone to head gasket leaks, especially as they age. Keep an eye out for coolant loss, overheating, or white smoke from the exhaust.
  • Carburetor Issues (Early Models): Early Leone models with carburetors can suffer from fuel delivery problems, especially if neglected. Cleaning and rebuilding the carburetor might be necessary.
  • Timing Belt Replacement: Regular timing belt replacement is crucial to prevent catastrophic engine damage. Adhere to the manufacturer's recommended intervals.
  • EA82 Engine Issues: The EA82 engine, especially in turbocharged form, can suffer from increased oil consumption and potential turbocharger failure with age and high mileage.

Drivetrain

  • CV Joint Wear: The CV joints on both front-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive models are subject to wear and tear. Listen for clicking or popping noises when turning.
  • 4WD System Maintenance: The 4WD system requires regular maintenance, including fluid changes in the front and rear differentials. Neglecting this can lead to premature wear and failure.
  • Automatic Transmission Slippage: Older automatic transmissions can develop slippage, especially if not properly maintained.

Body & Chassis

  • Rust: Rust is a significant concern, particularly in areas with salted roads. Check the undercarriage, wheel wells, and body panels for corrosion. Pay special attention to areas around the suspension mounts.
  • Suspension Wear: Suspension components, such as shocks, struts, and bushings, will wear out over time. Look for signs of excessive bounce, poor handling, or uneven tire wear.

Electrical

  • Wiring Issues: Like many older cars, the Leone can suffer from brittle wiring and corroded connections.
  • Alternator Failure: The alternator can fail with age.

Driving Experience

The driving experience of the Subaru Leone varies depending on the generation and configuration. Generally, the Leone offered a practical and reliable mode of transportation, with a focus on all-weather capability (for 4WD models).

Pros:

  • All-Wheel Drive (4WD Models): The Leone's all-wheel-drive system provides excellent traction in snow, ice, and other challenging conditions.
  • Reliability: Well-maintained Leones are known for their dependability and longevity.
  • Compact Size: The Leone's compact size makes it easy to maneuver and park in urban environments.
  • Fuel Economy: Generally good fuel economy, especially in non-turbocharged, front-wheel-drive models.
  • Simple Mechanics: Relatively easy to work on, making it a good choice for DIY mechanics.

Cons:

  • Performance: Performance can be underwhelming, particularly in early models with smaller engines.
  • Ride Quality: The ride quality can be harsh on rough roads.
  • Interior Noise: Road and engine noise can be noticeable at highway speeds.
  • Availability of Parts: Finding parts for older Leones can be challenging, especially for less common components.
  • Rust Susceptibility: Older models are prone to rust depending on location and maintenance.

Buying Advice

If you're considering buying a Subaru Leone, here's some advice:

Years to Look For:

  • 1987-1994 (Third Generation): These models generally offer the most modern features and technology, including fuel injection. The RX Turbo is a desirable but rare find.
  • Second Generation Turbos (1982-1984): If you want some early turbo fun, these are the ones.

Years to Potentially Avoid:

  • Early Carbureted Models: While simple, carbureted models can be more difficult to maintain and keep running smoothly, especially if you're not familiar with carburetor technology.

Key Things to Check:

  • Rust: Thoroughly inspect the entire vehicle for rust, paying particular attention to the undercarriage and wheel wells.
  • Engine Condition: Check for signs of head gasket leaks, excessive oil consumption, and unusual noises.
  • Drivetrain Function: Test the 4WD system (if applicable) to ensure it engages and disengages properly. Listen for any unusual noises from the transmission or differentials.
  • Maintenance Records: Look for evidence of regular maintenance, including oil changes, timing belt replacements, and fluid flushes.
  • Originality: Consider if the car has been modified extensively, which could impact reliability.
  • Test Drive: A thorough test drive is essential to identify any potential problems. Pay attention to handling, braking, and engine performance.

Finding a well-preserved Subaru Leone can be a rewarding experience. These cars are known for their reliability, all-wheel-drive capability, and unique character. With careful inspection and a commitment to maintenance, a Leone can provide years of enjoyable driving.

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