Volvo 240 Series

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The Enduring Legacy of the Volvo 240 Series

The Volvo 240 series, produced from 1974 to 1993, is more than just a car; it's a symbol of Swedish engineering, renowned for its durability, safety, and practicality. Classified as a compact executive car (though arguably bordering on mid-size by modern standards), the 240 became a global icon, beloved by families, students, and those seeking a dependable and long-lasting vehicle. Its simple yet robust design, coupled with Volvo's reputation for safety, solidified its place in automotive history.

Generations and Key Changes

While often viewed as a single entity, the 240 series evolved over its nearly two-decade production run. Here's a breakdown of the key changes:

• 1975-1978 (Early Models): These initial years saw the introduction of the 242 (2-door coupe), 244 (4-door sedan), and 245 (5-door wagon). Early models featured the B20 or B21 engine, known for their reliability but relatively low power output. Notable features included round headlights (later changed) and a more basic interior trim.
• 1979-1985 (Mid-Cycle Refresh): A significant facelift occurred in 1979, introducing square headlights and a redesigned grille. The B21F and later B23F engines became more common, offering improved fuel efficiency. The DL, GL, and GLE trim levels offered varying degrees of luxury. A turbocharged model (242 Turbo) was also introduced, showcasing Volvo's performance ambitions.
• 1986-1993 (Late Models): The final iteration of the 240 saw further refinements, including flush headlights (replacing the recessed square ones), improved interior materials, and subtle styling updates. The B230F engine was the primary powerplant, considered by many to be the most reliable and refined of the series. Emission controls were increasingly sophisticated to meet tightening environmental regulations. The trim levels were simplified (e.g., base 240, 240 DL, 240 GL). The sedan was discontinued in some markets before the wagon.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Volvo 240's reputation for reliability is well-deserved, but like any car of its age, it's not without its potential problems. Understanding these issues is crucial for potential buyers:

Engine (B21/B23/B230):

• B21/B23 (Early Models): These engines are known for their robust construction, but head gasket failures and occasional oil leaks can occur, especially with age and lack of maintenance. The carburetors used on some early models can be finicky and require regular adjustment.
• B230F (Late Models): Widely regarded as the most reliable engine in the 240 series. Common issues include fuel pump relay failure (easily replaced), crankshaft position sensor problems (causing intermittent starting issues), and occasional oil leaks from the rear main seal. Valve stem seals can also harden over time, leading to increased oil consumption. The "flame trap" (part of the PCV system) can become clogged, causing excessive crankcase pressure and oil leaks.
• Timing Belt: Regardless of the engine, regular timing belt replacement is crucial to prevent catastrophic engine damage. Recommended intervals vary, but 50,000-60,000 miles is a safe guideline.

Fuel System:

• Fuel Pumps: The 240 utilizes two fuel pumps: an in-tank pump and an external pump. Both can fail over time, especially due to corrosion and contamination.
• Fuel Injectors: Clogged fuel injectors can lead to poor performance and reduced fuel economy. Cleaning or replacement may be necessary.
• Fuel Lines: Older fuel lines can become brittle and crack, leading to fuel leaks and a potential fire hazard. Inspect fuel lines carefully.

Electrical System:

• Wiring Harness: The engine wiring harness, particularly near the firewall, is prone to degradation due to heat and age. This can cause a variety of electrical problems, including poor running, starting issues, and malfunctioning sensors. Replacement harnesses are available.
• Grounding Issues: Poor grounding can cause a multitude of electrical gremlins. Ensure all grounding points are clean and secure.
• Relays: Fuel pump relay, main relay, and other relays can fail, causing starting or running problems.

Transmission:

• Automatic Transmissions: The automatic transmissions (usually Aisin-Warner) are generally reliable, but can suffer from slipping and hard shifting with age and neglect. Regular fluid changes are essential.
• Manual Transmissions: The manual transmissions (M46/M47) are known for their durability, but the overdrive unit on the M46 can be problematic.

Suspension & Brakes:

• Suspension Bushings: Worn suspension bushings can cause vague handling, noise, and uneven tire wear. Replacing these bushings can significantly improve the ride and handling.
• Ball Joints & Tie Rod Ends: Inspect these components for wear and play.
• Brakes: The brake system is generally reliable, but brake lines can corrode and calipers can seize. Regular brake fluid flushes are essential.

Rust:

• Rust is a significant concern, especially in areas with harsh winters. Pay close attention to the floors, rocker panels, wheel wells, and around the windshield.

Driving Experience

Driving a Volvo 240 is a unique experience. Don't expect sports car performance. Instead, appreciate its comfortable ride, predictable handling, and reassuring solidity.

Pros:

• Comfortable Ride: The 240 provides a smooth and comfortable ride, especially on long journeys.
• Simple and Predictable Handling: While not sporty, the handling is predictable and forgiving.
• Excellent Visibility: The large windows and upright seating position provide excellent visibility.
• Spacious Interior: The 240 offers a surprisingly spacious interior, especially the wagon models.
• Durability: With proper maintenance, a 240 can last for hundreds of thousands of miles.
• Simple to Work On: The relatively simple design makes the 240 relatively easy to maintain and repair.

Cons:

• Slow Acceleration: The 240 is not a fast car, especially with the naturally aspirated engines.
• Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is not great by modern standards, particularly with older models.
• Rust Susceptibility: Rust can be a significant issue, especially in areas with harsh winters.
• Aging Components: Many parts are now quite old and may need replacement.
• Basic Features: Compared to modern cars, the 240 lacks many modern conveniences.

Buying Advice

If you're considering buying a Volvo 240, here's some advice to help you find a good one:

Years to Look For:

• 1986-1993 (Late Models): These models generally feature the more reliable B230F engine, improved interior materials, and updated styling. They also benefit from years of refinements and improvements.
• 1993 Wagons (If available): The very last year of production. These will generally be the newest and lowest-mileage examples.

What to Avoid:

• Severely Rusted Examples: Rust repair can be expensive and time-consuming. Avoid cars with significant rust damage.
• Cars with Neglected Maintenance: Look for cars that have been well-maintained, with documented service records.
• Cars with Extensive Modifications: Unless the modifications were done professionally and thoughtfully, it's best to avoid cars with extensive modifications.
• Early Carbureted Models (Unless you're comfortable working on carburetors): The early carbureted models can be more challenging to maintain than the fuel-injected versions.

Inspection Tips:

• Check for Rust: Pay close attention to the floors, rocker panels, wheel wells, and around the windshield.
• Inspect the Engine: Look for oil leaks, listen for unusual noises, and check the condition of the hoses and belts.
• Test Drive the Car: Pay attention to the way the car drives, shifts, and brakes.
• Check the Electrical System: Make sure all the lights, wipers, and other electrical components are working properly.
• Get a Pre-Purchase Inspection: Have a mechanic inspect the car before you buy it.
• Check the Wiring Harness: Particularly the engine wiring harness near the firewall, for signs of cracking or crumbling insulation.

The Volvo 240 is a classic for a reason. With a little patience and careful inspection, you can find a reliable and rewarding example that will provide years of dependable service. Happy hunting!

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