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Volvo 850

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The Volvo 850: A Comprehensive Guide

The Volvo 850, launched in 1991 for the 1992 model year, marked a significant shift for Volvo. It was the company's first front-wheel-drive car in the larger family car (European D-segment, North American mid-size) class and represented a substantial investment in new technologies and a modern design philosophy. Aimed squarely at competitors like the BMW 3 Series and Audi 80/A4, the 850 aimed to combine Volvo's renowned safety with a more dynamic driving experience and contemporary styling.

Generations

First Generation (1991-1997)

  • Years: 1991 (as 1992 model) - 1997
  • Key Changes:
    • Launch (1991/1992): Introduced as a sedan and estate (wagon). Powered by a transverse-mounted inline-5 engine. Notable safety features included Side Impact Protection System (SIPS).
    • 1993: Introduction of the high-performance 850 Turbo (also known as the 850 T-5 in some markets).
    • 1994: Minor interior updates.
    • 1995: Introduction of the 850 T-5R, a limited-edition high-performance variant with unique styling and a more powerful engine. Four-wheel drive was introduced on select models.
    • 1996: Minor styling updates, including new badging. The 850R replaced the T-5R.
    • 1997: Last year of production for the 850.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Volvo 850 is generally considered a reliable vehicle, particularly when well-maintained. However, like any older car, it has its share of common issues:

Engine

  • PCV System Clogging: This is a very common issue, especially on Turbo models. A clogged PCV system can lead to oil leaks, excessive crankcase pressure, and even blown seals. Symptoms include oil leaks, a whistling sound from the oil filler cap, and a dipstick that pops out. Regular cleaning or replacement of the PCV components (oil trap, hoses) is essential.
  • Turbocharger Issues (Turbo models): Turbochargers can fail due to age, oil starvation, or overboosting. Look for signs of oil leaks, excessive smoke, and a noticeable loss of power. Check the condition of the turbo hoses for cracks or leaks.
  • Ignition System: Coil packs can fail, especially on older models. Misfires are a common symptom. The distributor cap and rotor (if equipped) should be regularly inspected and replaced. Spark plugs should be replaced according to the maintenance schedule.
  • Cooling System: The cooling system is prone to leaks, especially from the radiator, hoses, and water pump. Regular coolant flushes and inspections are crucial to prevent overheating. The thermostat is another common failure point.
  • Timing Belt: The timing belt should be replaced according to Volvo's recommended interval (typically around 70,000 miles). Failure to do so can result in catastrophic engine damage. It's prudent to replace the water pump and tensioner at the same time.

Transmission

  • Automatic Transmission Issues: The Aisin-Warner automatic transmissions used in the 850 can be problematic, especially with age and lack of maintenance. Common issues include harsh shifting, slipping, and failure to engage gears. Regular fluid changes (using the correct Volvo-approved fluid) can help prolong the transmission's life.
  • Manual Transmission Issues: The manual transmissions are generally more reliable than the automatics, but clutch wear is a factor. Also check for worn synchros.

Suspension & Steering

  • Suspension Components: Ball joints, tie rod ends, and control arm bushings are subject to wear and tear. Look for signs of looseness, noise, and uneven tire wear.
  • Strut Mounts: The strut mounts can wear out, resulting in a clunking noise over bumps.
  • Power Steering System: Power steering pumps and hoses can leak. Check the fluid level regularly.

Electrical System

  • Wiring Harness Issues: The wiring harness can become brittle and crack over time, leading to electrical problems.
  • ABS System: The ABS module can fail, resulting in the ABS light illuminating and the ABS system not functioning.
  • Climate Control System: The climate control system can suffer from issues such as a faulty blower motor, clogged evaporator drain, and malfunctioning blend door actuators.

Other Common Issues

  • Rust: Rust can be a problem, especially in areas with harsh winters. Check for rust on the undercarriage, wheel wells, and around the windshield and rear window.
  • Interior Wear: The interior can show signs of wear and tear, particularly the seats and dashboard.
  • Central Locking System: The central locking system can be unreliable.

Driving Experience

The Volvo 850 offers a comfortable and composed driving experience. It's not as sporty as some of its German rivals, but it provides a good balance of comfort, handling, and safety.

Pros:

  • Comfortable Ride: The suspension is well-tuned for absorbing bumps and providing a smooth ride.
  • Spacious Interior: The 850 offers a spacious interior for both passengers and cargo, especially in the wagon version.
  • Good Handling: The 850 handles well for a family car, with responsive steering and minimal body roll.
  • Powerful Engines (Turbo Models): The Turbo and R models offer exhilarating performance.
  • Safety: The 850 was a leader in safety at the time of its release, with features like SIPS and available airbags.

Cons:

  • Can feel dated: By modern standards, the car can feel dated in terms of technology and interior design.
  • Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is not great, especially on the Turbo models.
  • Potential for High Maintenance Costs: Due to its age, the 850 can require more maintenance than a newer car.
  • Automatic Transmission Issues: As mentioned earlier, the automatic transmissions can be problematic.

Buying Advice

If you're considering buying a Volvo 850, here's some advice:

Years to Look For:

  • 1995-1997: These later models generally have fewer issues than the earlier ones. The 850R (1996-1997) offers the best performance and features, but expect to pay a premium. The 1995 T-5R is also highly desirable, but they are getting harder to find in good condition.

What to Avoid:

  • Cars with Poor Maintenance Records: A well-maintained 850 will be much more reliable than one that has been neglected. Look for evidence of regular oil changes, timing belt replacements, and other maintenance services.
  • Cars with Obvious Rust: Rust can be expensive to repair. Avoid cars with significant rust, especially in critical areas like the frame and suspension.
  • Cars with Automatic Transmission Problems: If the automatic transmission is slipping or shifting harshly, it's likely to require expensive repairs.
  • Very High Mileage Examples: While 850s can last a long time, very high mileage examples are more likely to have accumulated wear and tear on various components.

Things to Check Before Buying:

  • Timing Belt: Verify that the timing belt has been replaced according to the recommended interval.
  • PCV System: Inspect the PCV system for signs of clogging.
  • Turbocharger (Turbo Models): Check the turbocharger for leaks, smoke, and proper operation.
  • Automatic Transmission: Test drive the car and pay attention to how the automatic transmission shifts.
  • Suspension: Listen for clunking noises and check for looseness in the suspension components.
  • Electrical System: Check all of the electrical systems, including the lights, wipers, and climate control.
  • Rust: Inspect the car carefully for rust.
  • Service History: Review the car's service history to see what maintenance has been performed.
  • Compression Test: If possible, perform a compression test to assess the engine's health.

With careful research and inspection, you can find a reliable and enjoyable Volvo 850 that will provide years of service.

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