Volvo 940

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The Volvo 940: A Comprehensive Guide

The Volvo 940, produced from 1990 to 1998, is a rear-wheel-drive executive car that replaced the 740 series. While visually similar to its predecessor, the 940 introduced significant improvements in safety, comfort, and refinement, solidifying Volvo's reputation for building dependable and safe vehicles. It represents a pinnacle of Volvo's "boxy but good" design era and remains a popular choice for those seeking a durable and practical classic.

Generations

The Volvo 940 technically only had one generation, but underwent several key revisions throughout its production run:

• 1990-1992: Initial Production - The initial models largely carried over the 740's engine options and basic design, but featured improved suspension and a slightly revised interior. Key differences from the 740 included smoother body lines and a more modern dashboard.
• 1993-1995: Facelift and Refinements - This period saw subtle changes, including updated bumpers, taillights (most notably, the adoption of a more modern, integrated design), and interior trim. Engine management systems were also improved for better fuel economy and emissions. This is often considered the sweet spot for the 940 due to its refinements without becoming overly complex.
• 1996-1998: Final Years & 960 Rear Suspension - Towards the end of production, some 940 models (primarily the higher-trim versions) received the multi-link rear suspension previously found on the 960, significantly improving ride quality. The 940 also benefited from further tweaks to engine management and emissions systems to meet increasingly stringent regulations. Production ended in 1998, making way for the more radically styled S80 and V70 models.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Volvo 940 is known for its robust construction and overall reliability, but like any older car, it has its share of potential issues. Here's a detailed breakdown:

Engine

• B230 Series Engines (2.3L Inline-4): These are the workhorses of the 940 range and are generally very durable.
  • Oil Leaks: Valve cover gaskets, rear main seals, and distributor O-rings are common sources of leaks. Regular monitoring of oil levels is crucial.
  • Timing Belt: Regular replacement (every 50,000 miles is recommended) is essential to prevent catastrophic engine damage. Interference engine design means a broken belt equals bent valves.
  • Cooling System: Radiators, water pumps, and hoses can fail with age. Overheating is a serious concern and should be addressed immediately. Look for signs of leaks and corrosion.
  • Turbocharger (Turbo Models): Check for signs of oil leaks, excessive play in the turbine shaft, and smoke from the exhaust, indicating a failing turbo. Turbo models also require more frequent oil changes.
  • Fuel Injectors: Can become clogged over time, leading to poor performance and fuel economy. Fuel injector cleaning or replacement may be necessary.

Transmission

• Automatic Transmissions (AW70/AW71): Generally reliable if properly maintained with regular fluid changes. Slipping or harsh shifting indicates potential problems. Check the fluid level and condition regularly. These transmissions are known to be slow but durable.
• Manual Transmissions (M47/M90): Very robust and can handle high mileage with minimal issues. Check for worn synchros, especially in the lower gears. The M90 transmission, found on some later models, is stronger.

Suspension & Steering

• Front Suspension: Ball joints, control arm bushings, and tie rod ends are wear items that will eventually need replacement. Listen for clunking noises over bumps.
• Rear Suspension: Leaf springs (on most models) are durable, but the bushings can wear out. The multi-link suspension (on some later models) provides a better ride but can be more complex to repair. Inspect the rear trailing arm bushings for wear.
• Power Steering: Check for leaks from the power steering pump and hoses. Also, listen for whining noises when turning the wheel.

Electrical System

• Wiring Harness: The wiring insulation can become brittle and crack with age, leading to shorts and electrical issues. Pay close attention to the engine wiring harness.
• Relays: Relays can fail, causing various electrical problems. Keep spares handy.
• Fuel Pump Relay: A very common failure point. Keep a spare in the glovebox.
• Alternator: Check the output voltage and listen for unusual noises.

Brakes

• Brake Lines: Inspect for rust and corrosion, especially in areas where salt is used on the roads.
• Brake Calipers: Ensure they are not seized and that the brake pads are wearing evenly.
• ABS System: The ABS system can be prone to faults. Check for ABS warning lights and ensure the system is functioning correctly.

Body & Interior

• Rust: Check for rust, especially around the wheel arches, door sills, and undercarriage.
• Interior: The interiors are generally durable, but the upholstery can wear over time. Check for cracks in the dashboard.
• Climate Control: The air conditioning system can be prone to leaks and failures. Ensure the system is blowing cold air. The heater core can also leak, resulting in coolant smell inside the car.

Driving Experience

The Volvo 940 offers a comfortable and safe driving experience, but it's not a sports car. It's more of a dependable workhorse. Here's a breakdown:

Pros:

• Comfortable Ride: The 940 provides a comfortable ride, especially on the models equipped with the multi-link rear suspension.
• Spacious Interior: The interior is roomy and practical, with ample space for passengers and cargo.
• Excellent Safety: The 940 was designed with safety in mind and features a strong chassis and numerous safety features.
• Reliable Engines: The B230 series engines are known for their durability and longevity.
• Easy to Work On: The 940 is relatively easy to work on, making it a good choice for DIY mechanics. Parts are still widely available.

Cons:

• Sluggish Performance: The non-turbo models can feel underpowered, especially when fully loaded.
• Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is not a strong point, especially on the turbo models.
• Handling: The handling is not particularly sporty, with noticeable body roll in corners.
• Age: Due to their age, many 940s will require maintenance and repairs.
• Automatic Transmissions Can Be Slow: The automatic transmissions prioritize longevity over quick shifts.

Buying Advice

Here's what to consider when buying a Volvo 940:

Years to Look For:

• 1993-1995: These models offer a good balance of refinement and simplicity.
• 1996-1998 (with Multi-Link Suspension): These models provide the best ride quality.

What to Avoid:

• Models with Excessive Rust: Rust repair can be costly and time-consuming.
• Neglected Examples: Avoid cars that have been poorly maintained or show signs of abuse.
• Cars with Major Mechanical Issues: Unless you're prepared to invest significant time and money, avoid cars with major engine or transmission problems.

Things to Check:

• Timing Belt: Verify when the timing belt was last replaced.
• Cooling System: Inspect the radiator, hoses, and water pump for leaks and corrosion.
• Suspension: Check the ball joints, control arm bushings, and tie rod ends for wear.
• Brakes: Inspect the brake lines for rust and corrosion.
• Electrical System: Test all electrical components to ensure they are functioning correctly.
• Turbocharger (If Applicable): Check for signs of oil leaks, excessive play in the turbine shaft, and smoke from the exhaust.
• Service History: Look for any documentation of maintenance and repairs performed on the vehicle.

Final Thoughts:

The Volvo 940 is a solid and reliable car that can provide years of faithful service with proper maintenance. It's a great option for those seeking a classic Volvo experience without breaking the bank. Do your research, inspect the car thoroughly, and be prepared to invest some time and money in maintenance and repairs. You may want to bring a mechanic knowledgeable with Volvos to inspect any potential purchase.

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