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Volvo 960

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Volvo 960: A Comprehensive Guide

The Volvo 960, a full-size luxury car, represents the final evolution of Volvo's rear-wheel-drive platform that began with the 140 series in the late 1960s. Produced from 1990 to 1998 (later rebadged as the S90 and V90 for the final two model years), the 960 aimed to provide a comfortable, safe, and reliable driving experience for discerning buyers. It was positioned as a premium offering, competing with cars like the BMW 5-Series and Mercedes-Benz E-Class, although often at a slightly lower price point.

Generations

  • 1990-1994: First Generation
    • Introduced as a replacement for the Volvo 760.
    • Featured a new independent rear suspension (Multi-link) offering a significantly improved ride quality compared to earlier Volvos.
    • Powered primarily by the B6304 3.0-liter inline-six engine, a significant upgrade in refinement and power over the previous generation's PRV V6.
    • Offered in both sedan and wagon body styles.
  • 1995-1997: Second Generation (Facelift)
    • Received a significant facelift with redesigned front and rear fascias, giving the car a more modern and rounded appearance.
    • Interior improvements included redesigned seats and dashboard components.
    • Engine improvements offered slightly better fuel economy and emissions.
    • Introduction of the 2.5-liter inline-six B6254 engine as a lower-priced alternative.
  • 1997-1998: S90/V90 (Rebadged)
    • The 960 was renamed the S90 (sedan) and V90 (wagon) for the 1997 and 1998 model years.
    • Minimal changes were made beyond the name change. Essentially, these were the last iteration of the 960 with a different badge.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Volvo 960 is generally considered a reliable car, particularly compared to its contemporaries, but like any vehicle of its age, it has its share of common problems.

Engine (B6304/B6254)

  • Oil Leaks: The inline-six engines are prone to oil leaks, particularly from the valve cover gaskets, front and rear crankshaft seals, and distributor O-ring (on early models). Regular checks and preventative maintenance are crucial.
  • Cooling System Issues: Overheating can be a problem if the cooling system isn't properly maintained. Common culprits include a failing radiator, water pump, thermostat, and clogged coolant passages. The auxiliary cooling fan should be checked and functional.
  • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve: A faulty IAC valve can cause erratic idling or stalling. Cleaning or replacing the valve can resolve this issue.
  • Distributor Issues (Early Models): The distributor cap, rotor, and ignition wires should be regularly inspected and replaced as needed to ensure proper ignition performance. Later models with coil-on-plug ignition are less susceptible.

Transmission (AW30-40)

  • Shift Flare: The Aisin-Warner AW30-40 automatic transmission can exhibit shift flare (a brief increase in engine RPM between shifts) as it ages. Regular fluid changes (using the correct fluid type - Dexron III is often specified) can help prolong its life, but eventually, a rebuild may be necessary.
  • Slipping: Transmission slipping is another sign of wear and tear and can indicate the need for a rebuild.
  • Harsh Shifting: Abnormally harsh shifts can be a symptom of several issues. Check the transmission fluid level and condition first. A failing shift solenoid can also cause harsh shifting.

Suspension & Steering

  • Rear Suspension Bushings: The multi-link independent rear suspension is a complex system with numerous bushings that can wear out over time. Worn bushings can lead to clunking noises, poor handling, and uneven tire wear. Replacing these bushings can be a labor-intensive but worthwhile repair.
  • Ball Joints & Tie Rods: Front suspension components such as ball joints and tie rod ends are also subject to wear. Inspect these components regularly for play.
  • Power Steering Leaks: Power steering leaks are common, especially from the power steering pump and lines. Check fluid levels and address any leaks promptly.

Electrical System

  • Wiring Harness Issues: As with many older cars, the wiring harness can become brittle and prone to cracking or short circuits. Pay attention to any unusual electrical behavior.
  • Relays and Fuses: Check relays and fuses regularly, especially if experiencing electrical problems.
  • Instrument Cluster Problems: Occasionally, the instrument cluster can develop issues such as malfunctioning gauges or a dim display.

Other Common Issues

  • Rust: While Volvos are generally well-protected against rust, check for rust, especially in areas like the rocker panels, wheel arches, and undercarriage, particularly in regions with road salt.
  • Air Conditioning: Air conditioning systems can require servicing due to leaks or component failures. Be prepared to potentially replace hoses, the compressor, or the receiver drier.

Driving Experience

Pros:

  • Comfortable Ride: The 960 excels in providing a comfortable and smooth ride, thanks to its independent rear suspension and well-damped chassis.
  • Spacious Interior: The interior is spacious and well-appointed, offering ample room for both front and rear passengers. The wagon version offers exceptional cargo capacity.
  • Safety: Volvo is renowned for its safety, and the 960 is no exception. It features a robust structure, airbags, and ABS brakes.
  • Reliable Powertrain (Generally): The inline-six engines, when properly maintained, are known for their reliability and smooth power delivery.
  • Unique Style: The 960 offers a distinctive and classic Volvo design that appeals to enthusiasts.

Cons:

  • Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is not a strong point, especially with the 3.0-liter engine. Expect mid-teens in the city and low-to-mid 20s on the highway.
  • Parts Availability: Some parts, particularly specific trim pieces and electronic components, can be difficult to find.
  • Maintenance Costs: Maintenance costs can be higher compared to more common cars, especially if requiring specialized Volvo expertise.
  • Age: The car's age means that many components are nearing the end of their lifespan and will require replacement.
  • Performance: While the 3.0L is smooth, it doesn't offer breathtaking performance by modern standards. The 2.5L can feel underpowered.

Buying Advice

Years to Look For:

  • 1995-1997 models offer a more modern appearance and some improvements over the earlier models.
  • Later production cars (1996-1997) generally benefit from any running changes and improvements made throughout the production run.
  • Consider a well-maintained S90/V90 if you prefer the rebadged name and updated badging, although mechanically they are almost identical to the late-model 960.

What to Avoid:

  • Neglected examples: Avoid cars that have clearly been neglected in terms of maintenance. Look for evidence of regular servicing and a clean overall condition.
  • Cars with significant rust: Rust can be expensive to repair properly, so avoid cars with extensive rust damage, especially in critical areas.
  • Cars with major mechanical issues: Be wary of cars with obvious engine or transmission problems, as repairs can be costly.
  • Beware of overly cheap examples: Often, a very low price indicates underlying problems that will cost more to fix in the long run.

Pre-Purchase Inspection:

  • Professional Inspection: Have a qualified mechanic, preferably one with Volvo experience, perform a thorough pre-purchase inspection.
  • Check for Oil Leaks: Carefully inspect the engine for oil leaks.
  • Test Drive: Test drive the car thoroughly, paying attention to engine performance, transmission shifting, suspension noises, and braking performance.
  • Electrical System Check: Verify that all electrical components are functioning properly, including lights, gauges, and accessories.
  • Review Maintenance Records: Request to see maintenance records to assess the car's service history.

The Volvo 960 can be a rewarding car to own, offering a comfortable, safe, and distinctive driving experience. By carefully researching and inspecting potential purchases, you can find a well-maintained example that will provide years of reliable service.

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