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Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution

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Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution: A Comprehensive Guide

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, often shortened to Evo, is a high-performance sports sedan based on the Mitsubishi Lancer. Produced from 1992 to 2016, across ten distinct generations, the Evo was conceived for rally racing and quickly gained a cult following for its exceptional handling, powerful turbocharged engine, and advanced all-wheel-drive system. It sits in the category of compact sports sedan, competing with vehicles like the Subaru WRX STI.

Generations of the Lancer Evolution

  • Evolution I (1992-1993): Based on the Lancer sedan, featuring a 2.0L turbocharged 4G63 engine and all-wheel drive. Focused on performance above all else.
  • Evolution II (1994-1995): Refinements to the suspension, larger tires, and minor engine tweaks improved handling and power delivery.
  • Evolution III (1995-1996): A more aggressive exterior design, improved aerodynamics, and further engine enhancements, including a redesigned turbocharger, boosted power and responsiveness.
  • Evolution IV (1996-1998): A major redesign; new chassis, twin-scroll turbocharger, and advanced Active Yaw Control (AYC) on the rear differential (on GSR models). This generation solidified the Evo's technological prowess.
  • Evolution V (1998-1999): Increased track width, Brembo brakes, and further engine refinements (larger injectors, revised ECU) to meet revised WRC regulations. A wider, more aggressive stance.
  • Evolution VI (1999-2001): Improved cooling and durability for the engine and turbocharger. A new front bumper design, designed to improve cooling. Available in the Tommi Mäkinen Edition, celebrating the driver's four consecutive WRC titles.
  • Evolution VII (2001-2003): Based on the larger Lancer Cedia platform. Introduced Active Center Differential (ACD) to complement AYC. Increased focus on refinement and everyday usability.
  • Evolution VIII (2003-2005): Introduction of a 6-speed manual transmission (MR model) and Super Active Yaw Control (Super AYC) for even greater handling prowess. Available in the US market for the first time.
  • Evolution IX (2005-2007): Introduction of MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system) to the 4G63 engine, further improving power and efficiency. Facelifted front end.
  • Evolution X (2007-2016): A completely new platform, the last Evolution model. Features a new 4B11T turbocharged engine (aluminum block), available with a 5-speed manual or a 6-speed Twin Clutch SST (Sportronic Shift Transmission) automated manual. Available with S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control) which integrated AYC, ACD, ABS and ASC. Heavier and more refined than previous generations.

Reliability & Common Issues

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, while a performance icon, has its share of potential reliability concerns. Maintenance is key to keeping an Evo running smoothly. Neglecting maintenance can lead to significant problems.

Engine (4G63 & 4B11T)

  • 4G63 (Evo I-IX):
    • Crankwalk: A serious issue, particularly in earlier generations (primarily Evo I-III, though not exclusive). Excessive crankshaft endplay leading to bearing failure. Can be catastrophic. Prevention is key - proper oil maintenance, avoiding clutch dumps.
    • Turbocharger Failure: The high-strung turbocharger is susceptible to wear and tear. Check for excessive shaft play, oil leaks, and unusual noises. Regularly inspect boost hoses for cracks and leaks.
    • Boost Leaks: Common due to age and high boost pressures. Check all hoses, intercooler connections, and intake manifold for leaks.
    • Head Gasket Failures: Especially in modified cars or those run at high boost. Consider replacing with an upgraded head gasket as a preventative measure.
    • Timing Belt: Absolutely critical on the 4G63. Must be replaced according to the manufacturer's schedule (typically every 60,000 miles or less) to prevent catastrophic engine damage.
  • 4B11T (Evo X):
    • Timing Chain Stretch/Failure: Less prone to catastrophic failure than a timing belt, but the timing chain can stretch over time, leading to performance issues and potential engine damage if ignored. Listen for rattling noises on startup.
    • Oil Consumption: The 4B11T is known for potentially higher oil consumption than the 4G63. Monitor oil levels regularly.
    • SST (Twin Clutch Transmission) Issues: If equipped, the SST can be expensive to repair. Proper fluid changes are absolutely critical. Listen for slipping, jerky shifts, and error codes. Avoid heavily modified cars with the SST unless maintenance records are impeccable.

Drivetrain

  • AYC/ACD Systems: The Active Yaw Control (AYC) and Active Center Differential (ACD) systems require specific fluids and maintenance. Neglecting these systems can lead to poor handling and expensive repairs. Ensure the ACD pump is functioning correctly, and listen for unusual noises from the rear differential.
  • Transfer Case: Prone to failure, especially in higher-horsepower applications or with aggressive driving. Check for leaks and unusual noises.
  • Clutch: The clutch is a wear item, especially with spirited driving. Expect to replace it eventually.

Chassis & Suspension

  • Rust: Especially in areas with harsh winters, rust can be a significant problem. Inspect thoroughly, especially around the wheel arches, undercarriage, and suspension components.
  • Suspension Components: Ball joints, bushings, and tie rod ends wear out over time, leading to sloppy handling. Inspect regularly and replace as needed.

Electronics

  • ECU Issues: Tuning can be a double-edged sword. While it can unlock significant power, improper tuning can damage the engine. Ensure the ECU has been properly tuned by a reputable tuner.
  • Sensors: Various sensors (MAF, O2, etc.) can fail over time, leading to poor performance and error codes.

Driving Experience

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution is renowned for its exhilarating driving experience. It offers incredible grip, sharp handling, and strong acceleration. However, its raw nature also means it's not the most comfortable daily driver.

Pros:

  • Exceptional Handling: The Evo's advanced all-wheel-drive system and well-tuned suspension provide outstanding grip and cornering abilities.
  • Powerful Engine: The turbocharged engines deliver strong acceleration and a thrilling driving experience.
  • Highly Tunable: The Evo is a popular platform for modification, with a vast aftermarket support.
  • Rally Heritage: Its rally pedigree provides a unique and engaging driving experience.

Cons:

  • Stiff Ride: The suspension is firm, which can make for a less comfortable ride on rough roads.
  • Noise: Road noise and engine noise can be significant, especially in older models.
  • Fuel Economy: Fuel economy is poor, especially with spirited driving.
  • Reliability Concerns: As detailed above, reliability can be an issue if maintenance is neglected.
  • High Running Costs: Parts and maintenance can be expensive.

Buying Advice

Buying a Lancer Evolution requires careful consideration. Due to their age and performance-oriented nature, many have been abused or modified improperly. A pre-purchase inspection by a qualified mechanic is highly recommended.

Years to Consider:

  • Evolution VIII and IX (2003-2007): These generations offer a good balance of performance, reliability (relatively speaking), and availability. The VIII brought the Evo to the US market.
  • Evolution X (2007-2016): While heavier, the Evo X offers a more modern driving experience and the option of the SST transmission (though proceed with caution).

Years to be Cautious Of:

  • Early Evolutions (I-III): Can be difficult to find in good condition and may suffer from crankwalk issues. Parts can be harder to source.
  • Highly Modified Cars: Unless you have extensive knowledge of modifications and the car's history, it's generally best to avoid heavily modified cars, as they may have been abused or tuned improperly.

Things to Look For:

  • Maintenance Records: Look for a well-documented maintenance history, including oil changes, timing belt replacements, and AYC/ACD fluid changes.
  • Rust: Thoroughly inspect for rust, especially in areas with harsh winters.
  • Signs of Abuse: Look for signs of abuse, such as excessive wear on the tires, brakes, and suspension components. Listen for unusual noises from the engine, transmission, and differentials.
  • Pre-Purchase Inspection: Have a qualified mechanic perform a pre-purchase inspection to identify any potential problems.
  • Compression Test: Performing a compression test will give you a good indication of the engine's health.

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution is a legendary performance car that offers an unforgettable driving experience. By doing your research and being diligent in your search, you can find a well-maintained Evo that will provide years of enjoyment.

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